CHANGING THE CONVERSATION
"Exploring the significance of the energy corridor along the USA-Mexico border, experts delve into innovative perspectives on energy policies, sustainable practices, and economic impacts in the region."
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The Energy Corridor Along the USA-Mexico Border: CHANGING THE CONVERSATION Jay Gore (Reilly Chair, founding (former) Director Energy Center at Purdue) Wally Tyner (James and Lois Ackerman Professor, Senior Fellow, National Ag Policy) Rathziel Roncancio (Ph.D. student) Techno-economic Analysis for FEWIEP June , 2019 University of California at San Diego ~1~
Agenda Agenda 1. Population at the border 2. Solar Energy at the border 3. Wind Energy at the border 4. Natural Gas at the border 5. USA Electricity Production by Source 6. Mexico Electricity Production by Source 7. Natural Gas Utilities in the USA 8. Natural Gas Utilities in Mexico 9. Universities at the border 10. Techno economic analysis ~2~
Population in the 4 Border States (USA) and 6 Border States (Mexico) Population in the 4 Border States (USA) and 6 Border States (Mexico) Population USA 327.2 million Border 77.52 CA 39.56 AZ 7.17 NM 2.09 TX 28.7 Mexico 129.2 million Border 21.53 BC 3.32 SO 2.85 CH 3.85 CO 2.95 NL 5.12 million TM 3.44 Source: Census Bureau, INEGI ~3~
Solar Energy in the 4 Border States (USA) and 6 Border States (Mexico) Solar Energy in the 4 Border States (USA) and 6 Border States (Mexico) Installed Solar Power USA 64.2 GW Border 31.8 CA 24.4 AZ 3.7 NM 0.8 TX 2.9 Mexico 3.0 GW Border 1.2 BC 0.004 SO 0.227 CH 0.318 CO 0.658 NL 0 kW/m2 per day TM 0 Source: North American Cooperation on Energy Information (NACEI), SEIA, ASOLMEX ~4~
Wind Energy in the 4 Border States (USA) and 6 Border States (Mexico) Wind Energy in the 4 Border States (USA) and 6 Border States (Mexico) Installed Wind Power USA 97.2 GW Border 32.77 CA 5.84 AZ 0.3 NM 1.73 TX 24.9 Mexico 4.2 GW Border 1.11 BC 0.166 SO 0.002 CH 0 CO 0.2 NL 0.274 m/s TM 0.47 Source: NREL, AWEA, AMDEE ~5~
Natural Gas Energy in the 4 Border States (USA) and 6 Border States (Mexico) Natural Gas Energy in the 4 Border States (USA) and 6 Border States (Mexico) Installed Natural Gas Power USA 124.6 GW Border 32.77 CA 37.7 AZ 13.7 NM 3.3 TX 69.9 Mexico 45.7 GW Border ~16 BC ~3.0 SO ~3.0 CH ~1.0 CO ~3.0 NL ~3.0 Source: EIA, SENER (Secretariat of Energy Mexico) TM ~3.0 ~6~
USA Border States Electricity Production by Source USA Border States Electricity Production by Source ARIZONA CALIFORNIA Electricity Prod. Monthly (thousand MWh) Nonhydroelectric Renewables 4% Petroleum- Fired 0% Petroleum-Fired 0% Nonhydroelectr ic Renewables 28% Hydroelectric 5% Natural Gas-Fired 31% AZ 8500 CA 14600 Nuclear 32% Natural Gas- Fired 50% NM 3000 Hydroelectric 15% Coal-Fired 28% TX 33000 NEW MEXICO TEXAS Nuclear 7% Coal-Fired 0% Petroleum-Fired 0% Petroleum-Fired 0% Nonhydroelectric Renewables 22% Nonhydroelectric Renewables 21% Natural Gas-Fired 31% Hydroelectric 1% Natural Gas-Fired 46% Nuclear 10% Coal-Fired 22% Coal-Fired 47% Source: EIA, SEDS ~7~
Mexico Electricity Production by Source Mexico Electricity Production by Source ELECTRICITY GENERATION BY SOURCE MEXICO 2017 ELECTRICITY GENERATION BY FEDERAL ENTITY 2017 Baja California 5% Solar-PV 0.1% Hydroelectric 12% Vapor 16% Wind 1% Chihuahua 6% Nuclear 4% Coahuila 6% Geothermal 2% Tamaulipas 12% Coal 12% Diesel 1% Sonora 5% Natural Gas 52% Total: 256 million MWhr Nuevo Le n 3% Source: SENER (Secretariat of Energy Mexico) ~8~
Natural Gas Utilities in California Natural Gas Utilities in California Source: California Energy Commission ~9~
Natural Gas Utilities in Arizona Natural Gas Utilities in Arizona Source: Arizona Corporation Comission ~10~
Natural Gas Utilities in New Mexico Natural Gas Utilities in New Mexico Source: HIFLD ~11~
Natural Gas Utilities in Texas Natural Gas Utilities in Texas Source: HIFLD ~12~
Natural Gas Utilities in Mexican States Natural Gas Utilities in Mexican States Sources: SEDECO, SENER Chihuahua Nuevo Leon Sonora Baja California Natural gas energy is much larger but the pipeline infrastructure is not developed. Gas is delivered in cylinders. IENOva, Sempra, Cenagas, Transcanada, Ecogas, Northwestern NG, Gas Central, Naturgy, ENGIE, and others. Opportunities to translate USDOE supported high efficiency (65%), low CO2 gas turbines research to the new installations in Mexico Coahuila Tamaulipas ~13~
Universities at the Border Universities at the Border United States California State University (CSU) University of California (UC-SD) Arizona State University (ASU) University of Arizona (UA) University of New Mexico (UNM) New Mexico State University (NMSU) Branch of the Best! University of Texas (System) Mexico Autonomous University of Baja California (UABC) National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) University of Sonora (UNISON) Autonomous University of Chihuahua (UACH) Main Campus of the 2nd Best! Autonomous University of Coahuila (UAdeC) Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon (UANL) Monterrey Institute of Technology (ITESM) Autonomous University of Tamaulipas (UAT) ~14~
Techno Techno- - analysis Purchasing Power per Capita analysis Purchasing Power per Capita Minimum Wage USA 7.25/hr CA 12/hr AZ 11/hr NM 7.50/hr TX 7.25/hr Mexico- rest 5.1/day BC 8.78/day SO 8.78/day US Mexico CH 8.78/day CO 8.78/day NL 8.78/day TM 8.78/day Sources: Census Bureau, INEGI ~15~
Techno Techno- - analysis Solar analysis Solar PV CSP Source: IRENA ~16~
Techno Techno- - analysis Wind analysis Wind On-Shore Off-Shore 2016 US$/KWh 2016 US$/KWh ~17~ Source: IRENA
Techno Techno- - analysis Gas analysis Gas Source: NREL ~18~
Techno Techno- -economic analysis economic analysis We will do techno-economic analysis (TEA) for the entire system (system boundaries yet to be determined) as well as the component parts TEA will be used to help identify areas to focus greater attention in improving the system. That is, areas for which the payoff for additional improvement in efficiency or reduction in cost has the best return. We will also use TEA to provide comprehensive analysis of the system as a whole under a range of assumptions. ~19~
Renewable energy component Renewable energy component Most analysis of renewable energy cost today reports levelized cost of energy, and that is an important component of the analysis. However, it is not the total cost of a renewable energy system. Renewable energy is interruptible (not dispatchable in electric systems lingo), which means systems integration costs must be included. Renewable sources can be balanced with any combination of backup capacity (often combined cycle gas), energy storage (often battery) and improved transmission and smarter grids. The costs of whatever options are included in the system must be included to get the total energy cost. ~20~
Natural gas as backup Natural gas as backup https://rbnenergy.com/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/field/image/Fig2_HSC.png?itok=EIZVESFw If the pilot site is in Texas, there should be ample supply of inexpensive natural gas from the Permian basin in Texas. Flow F is the current flow of Permian gas for export to Mexico. Recently, Permian gas has been so abundant that at times, prices have turned negative. It should be possible to build a small combined cycle gas plant to work with the renewable energy to produce reliable, renewable, and reasonably priced power. Other options, of course, will be examined, as well ) Texas Gulf Coast Gas Flow Patterns. Source: RBN (Click ~21~
TEA for other system components TEA for other system components The economics team will work with the engineers to develop a data set for all components envisioned for the system. Again, we will do the analysis for each component and for the system as a whole. This analysis could lead to some components being eliminated from the design and/or others being added. We must have a system that produces all the described social and environmental benefits at costs that can be documented and are sustainable. ~22~
