Understanding WebKit: A Comprehensive Overview

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"Explore the nuances of WebKit, a powerful web content rendering engine, delving into its history, components, and capabilities. Discover how WebKit ports have made it highly portable, as well as its core elements like WebCore, JavaScriptCore, and more. Unravel the mystique behind JavaScriptCore's development by Apple and the functionality of WebCore with HTML, CSS, XML, and SVG. Dive into the intricate workings of WebCore's network loader and parser, shedding light on resource loading, XSS auditing, DOM tree generation, and rendering. Uncover the essence of WebKit as more than just a browser, but a fundamental component of web technology evolution."

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Presentation Transcript

Introduction to WebKit Girish Ramakrishnan

History 1999 2001-3 2005

What is WebKit WebKit is a rendering engine for web content HTML Rendering of a web page JavaScript WebKit CSS WebKit is not a browser, a science project, or the solution to every problem Image stolen from Adam Barth s Presentation

WebKit ports WebKit is designed to be highly portable

Components WebKit and WebKit2 (Embedding API) Bindings (JavaScript API, Objective-C API) WebCore (HTML, CSS, DOM, etc, etc) Platform (Network, Storage, Graphics) JavaScriptCore (JavaScript Virtual Machine) WTF (Data structures, Threading primitives) Image stolen from Adam Barth s Presentation

WTF!? The STL of WebKit project o Data structures o String URL parser Compiled as static lib Minimal porting required (ifdef s) Source/WTF

JavaScriptCore (AKA SFX and Nitro) Primarily developed by Apple Byte Level Interpreter (Llint) Optional DFG JIT Non-trivial to use a stand alone Compiled as static lib Source/JavaScriptCore

WebCore HTML, CSS, XML, SVG .

WebCore Network Loader Asks WebKit layer to load resource Resource loading and frame loading are totally separate Image stolen from Adam Barth s Presentation

WebCore Network Loader HTML Parser Fires off pre-load requests on the fly XSS Auditor

WebCore Network Loader HTML Parser CSS DOM Script Parser generates DOM tree

WebCore Network Loader HTML Parser CSS DOM Script Render Tree Create RenderObjects using Attachment

WebCore Network Loader HTML Parser CSS DOM Script Render Tree RenderStyles CSS Style Computation Image stolen from Adam Barth s Presentation

WebCore Network Loader HTML Parser CSS DOM Script Render Tree RenderStyles CSS Style Computation Image stolen from Adam Barth s Presentation

WebCore Network Loader HTML Parser CSS DOM Script Render Tree RenderStyles Layout (RenderLayer, LineBoxes)

WebCore graphics Accelerated Compositing Image stolen from Ariya Hidayat s blogpost

WebCore Graphics Tiled rendering Image stolen from Ariya Hidayat s blogpost

WebCore Directory structure is insightful bindings (and idl files) bridge css Dom editing history html icu Inspector loader Platforms (graphics, network) plugins rendering storage svg xml

WebCore Porting Platforms/ implements port abstraction o Networking & Graphics o Time, DnD, Themes, Clipboard, UA Many features like plugins require port specific enhancements o Sprinkle ifdefs as necessary o Add dir/<port>/<file><port>.cpp o E.g history/qt/HistoryItemQt.cpp

WebCore Porting (2) Client interfaces o Abstract interfaces implemented by the port o Used in place of ifdef swhen it s useful for many ports class GeolocationClient { virtual bool requestAccess() = 0; } void Page::setClient(GeolocationClient *c) { client = c; } bool Page::requestLocationAccess() { return client->requestAccess(); } // Qt class GeolocationClientQt : public GeolocationClient { } page->setClient(new GeolocationClientQt);