Emergency First Aid Guidelines for California Schools
These guidelines provide essential information on emergency procedures, when to call 9-1-1, infection control, emergency planning, special needs considerations, recommended first-aid equipment, and emergency contact numbers. The content is presented in alphabetical order with tabs and flow charts for easy decision-making in treating common illnesses and injuries, using color-coded shapes for clarity. It is vital for school staff to familiarize themselves with these guidelines to be prepared to handle emergencies effectively.
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Presentation Transcript
Emergency First Aid Guidelines for California Schools An Overview of Content And How to Use
Purpose To serve as a basic what to do in an emergency for school staff with or without medical training. The guidelines were created as a recommended procedure. In a true emergency situation use your best judgment.
It is strongly recommended that staff who are in a position to provide first-aid to students complete an approved first-aid and CPR course. that you familiarize yourself with the format of the guidelines prior to the actual emergency situation. that you use the guidelines for reference before, during and/or after an event.
What do the Guidelines address? Emergency procedures When to call 9-1-1 Basic information on infection control Information on emergency planning Planning for persons with special needs Recommended first-aid equipment Emergency phone numbers
The Design Alphabetical order with tabs Flow charts guide you through decision steps to treat common illnesses and injuries Flow charts use color-coded shapes to clarify steps
Key to Shapes and Colors START HERE This note provides background information. This type of box should be read before emergencies occur.
Key to Shapes and Colors ? Question Being Asked? You need to choose based on person s condition. Follow the pathway for your answer. YES NO Provides First-Aid Instructions
Key to Shapes and Colors Final instruction for the algorithm. In some emergencies, multiple algorithms may be used. STOP HERE. This is the final instruction. Additional Information or Signs and Symptoms
Key to Shapes and Colors TIME TO CALL 9-1-1 There may be additional directions to continue care or see another algorithm.
Dont Delay 9-1-1 When Needed Have someone contact the 911 system, as soon as possible, after it is known that their assistance is needed. Delay in accessing the 911 system could result in worsening of a person s condition and may lead to additional injury.
Direct Fire/Ambulance Have someone meet fire or ambulance response units Give directions to location of person.
Always Remember ABCs Airway Open the airway 1st No Air in, all else is lost. Breathing Ensure Breathing 2nd You may need to breath for the person or do CPR Circulation(i.e., bleeding) 3rd Heart beating or CPR Nothing else matters Control Bleeding Prevent the loss of blood
Call 9-1-1 For: Blocked Airway Unable to get air into lungs (i.e., choking) Difficulty Breathing Absent or labored breathing Wheezing due to an allergic reaction (i.e., after a bee sting) Near drowning even if awake and appears ok water can have a delayed effect on lungs
Call 9-1-1 for Uncontrollable Bleeding you can t stop it Unconsciousness After any injury If person has history of Diabetes Unexplained reason Head Injury Possible Poisoning
Call 9-1-1 Immediately GET ADVANCED MEDICAL HELP ASAP Answer Questions Follow Instructions Do Not Hang Up Stay Calm Provide First Aid until ambulance arrives
WHAT TO DO FIRST CHECK FOR RESPONSIVENESS If Unresponsive, send someone to call 9-1-1 AIRWAY ENSURE AIRWAY IS OPEN.If patient is unconscious use head tilt-chin lift or jaw thrust
WHAT TO DO NEXT BREATHING ENSURE PERSON IS BREATHING LOOK, LISTEN, AND FEEL for breathing. If no breathing, SEE CPR and Give Rescue Breaths CIRCULATION CHECK FOR SIGNS OF CIRCULATION(Pulse, movement, breathing, color). If no signs of circulation, SEE CPR. CONTROL BLEEDING
DO NOT FORGET THESE DISABILITY - TREAT INJURIES/ILLNESS THAT MAY RESULT IN DISABILITY. (Head injuries, spine injuries, and fractures will need medical attention) FIRST AID / MEDICAL AID Provide first aid and medical support to most serious injuries/illness risks first.
Which One First? Remember ABC s Unconscious due to injury call 911 Is awake, therefore airway open & breathing Bleeding, See Bleeding apply direct pressure Abrasions, See Cuts, Scratches & Scraps Scenario Child falls from bleachers Dirty, abrasions Bleeding scalp Unconscious, then awakes 1. 2. 3. 4.
Try this One Child is holding hand and tells teacher he was bitten by a dog. There is some blood oozing from several small punctures/scrapes. Child otherwise is crying and looks normal.
BITES (Human & Animal) Press firmly with a clean dressing/cloth on bleeding site See Bleeding Yes Is the person bleeding? No The Whole Thing No Is bite large or gaping? Is blood spurting? Hold bite area under running water for 2-3 minutes Wash with soap and water If wound bled, apply clean bandage Yes CALL 9-1-1 See Bleeding Yes Is bleeding uncontrolled? No If bite is from a snake, scorpion or other reptile, hold the bitten area still and below the level of the heart. Call POISON CONTROL CENTER 1-800-876-4766 See Snake Bite , if appropriate No Is bite from a human? Yes Check immunization record for DT, DPT (tetanus). See Tetanus for more information. Don t try to catch or touch the animal Get description and location of animal Report to Animal Control or proper authority, usually the local Health Department, so that animal can be caught & watched for rabies Contact responsible school nurse or administrator and parents/legal guardians. Inform if a human bite that both the person bitten and the person biting may have been exposed to blood from other person. ENCOURAGE IMMEDIATE MEDICAL CARE File Incident Report
BITES (Human & Animal) Yes decision Leads to action box YES Press firmly with a clean dressing/cloth on bleeding site See Bleeding Is the person bleeding?
BITES First Aid YES Press firmly with a clean dressing/cloth on bleeding site See Bleeding Is the person bleeding? NO NO Hold bite area under running water for 2-3 minutes Wash with soap and water If wound bled, apply clean bandage Is bite large or gaping? Is blood spurting? First Aid Steps
BITES (Cont) Press firmly with a clean dressing/cloth on bleeding site See Bleeding NO Different Action steps Is bite large or gaping? Is blood spurting? YES GET HELP! Emergent condition, do you need 9-1-1? CALL 9-1-1 See Bleeding
BITES Next Steps Bandage YES Is bleeding uncontrolled? If bite is from a snake, scorpion or other reptile, hold the bitten area still and below the level of the heart. Call POISON CONTROL CENTER 1-800-876-4766 See Snake Bite , if appropriate. NO Is bite from a human? YES Use Poison Control, and follow directions
BITES Last Steps Don t try to catch or touch the animal Get description and location of animal Report to Animal Control or proper authority, usually the local Health Department, so that animal can be caught & watched for rabies Check immunization record for DT, DPT (tetanus). See Tetanus for more information. The END Contact responsible school authority and parents/legal guardians. Inform if a human bite that both the person bitten and the person biting may have been exposed to blood from other person. ENCOURAGE IMMEDIATE MEDICAL CARE File Incident Report
BITES (Human & Animal) Press firmly with a clean dressing/cloth on bleeding site See Bleeding Yes Is the person bleeding? No No Is bite large or gaping? Is blood spurting? Hold bite area under running water for 2-3 minutes Wash with soap and water If wound bled, apply clean bandage The Whole Thing CALL 9-1-1 See Bleeding Is bleeding uncontrolled? No If bite is from a snake, scorpion or other reptile, hold the bitten area still and below the level of the heart. Call POISON CONTROL CENTER 1-800-876-4766 See Snake Bite , if appropriate No Is bite from a human? Yes Check immunization record for DT, DPT (tetanus). See Tetanus for more information. Don t try to catch or touch the animal Get description and location of animal Report to Animal Control or proper authority, usually the local Health Department, so that animal can be caught & watched for rabies Contact responsible school nurse or administrator and parents/legal guardians. Inform if a human bite that both the person bitten and the person biting may have been exposed to blood from other person. ENCOURAGE IMMEDIATE MEDICAL CARE File Incident Report
Implementing the Guidelines Review the Guidelines in advance Write down your local emergency phone numbers Make available to all who might use Provide training to staff. Encourage all school staff to take 1st Aid and CPR training. Check with designated first aid person and local policies.
