Guidelines for Quarantine and Movement Control in Emergency Situations

 
Quarantine and
Movement
Control
 
General Considerations,
Quarantine
 
Adapted from the FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines:
Quarantine and Movement Control (2016)
 
Quarantines - premises and area
Coordination and planning
Resolving competing priorities
Prevent disease spread
Continue key operations
Implementing and releasing
quarantine
 
This Presentation
 
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
 
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations
 
2
 
General Considerations
 
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
 
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations
 
3
 
Involve local, State, Tribal, Federal
authority, resources
SAHO and APHIS
cooperation
Support from
multiple agencies
 
Coordination and Cooperation
 
4
 
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
 
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations
 
Utilize emergency management
agencies and local resources
Activate veterinary reserve groups
Coordination achieved through ICS
Goals: 
control, contain, eradicate
the FAD
 
Coordination and Cooperation cont’d
 
5
 
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
 
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations
 
Determine legal authority
Quarantines
Biosecurity
Permitting
Traffic control and road maintenance
Identify resources
Develop agreements
Identify agricultural routes and
potential checkpoint sites
 
Planning
 
6
 
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
 
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations
 
Develop communication plans
Internal and external
Ensure appropriate PPE, disinfectants
Understand roles, responsibilities
of emergency response
Response conducted through ICS
Animal Movement and Permits Group
Other personnel as designated by
Incident Commander
 
Planning cont’d
 
7
 
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
 
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations
 
Quarantine and movement control
Stops or limits movement
Affects livestock or poultry businesses
Continuity of
 
business
Managed movement
Maintains essential business functions
Manages disease risk
 
Continuum of Activities
 
8
 
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
 
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations
 
Same goal
Prevent transmission of FAD to
non-infected premises
QMC
Ensure infected do not leave premises
COB, managed movement
Facilitate movement for non-infected
premises within/out of Control Area
 
QMC and Managed Movement
 
9
 
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
 
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations
 
Progression of Activities
 
10
 
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
 
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations
 
Competition for limited resources
Discuss, mitigate, resolve competing
priorities prior to incident
Identify resources, establish mutual
goals, increase awareness
COB plans coordinate with Federal,
State, Tribal, local planning efforts
 
Competing Priorities
 
11
 
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
 
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations
 
Individual Premises
Quarantine
(Typically State Quarantine)
 
12
 
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
 
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations
 
State authority varies
Presumptive positive, pending lab
confirmation
Confirmed positive
Possibly hold order or embargo first
Stops movement of animals/fomites
to allow further investigation
Then, less temporary quarantine
 
Issuance of Quarantine
 
13
 
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
 
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations
 
Requested by FADD conducting
investigation
High suspicion of FAD
Inconsistent with endemic disease
Notify SAHO and AD of quarantine
and any needed outside support
 
Issuance of Quarantine cont’d
 
14
 
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
 
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations
 
Team led by Site Manager assigned
to locations to ensure enforcement
Apply quarantine, notify owner/agent
Secure premises
Establish biosecurity
Develop contingency plans
Restrict movement
Animals, animal products, fomites
Prepare for essential movement
 
Implementing Premises Quarantine
 
15
 
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
 
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations
 
Serve quarantines to individual in
direct control of animals
Three attempts to notify
Document all attempts
SAHO may authorize quarantine if
immediate action is necessary
Verify notification receipt
 
Notifying Owner/Agent
 
16
 
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
 
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations
 
Prohibit movement
Account for animals in premises
census
Prevent escape or intentional removal
Display signs to warn of restricted
access and security
If authorized, law enforcement may
assist if required
 
Securing a Premises
 
17
 
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
 
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations
 
Establish Work Zones to restrict access
Keep a log of all movements
Evaluate wildlife involvement
 
Biosecurity Procedures
 
18
 
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
 
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations
 
Health and safety of people is top
priority
Obtain medical care as quickly as
possible
Coordinate decontamination of the
victim without interfering with
essential treatment
Inform medical facility of pathogen
transmission, disinfection, etc.
 
Contingency Planning
 
19
 
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
 
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations
 
Essential movement
Humane care of animals
Employees and people residing on premises
Biosecurity protocols, clean clothes, PPE,
cleaning and disinfection
Animals, products, fomites
Generally don’t move during quarantine
Permits granted for one-time
movement if essential or critical
Requires high biosecurity measures
 
Movement
 
20
 
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
 
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations
 
Area or Region Quarantine
(Control Area)
 
21
 
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
 
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations
 
State or Unified Incident Command
Complex factors determine size
Disease agent, trade considerations,
State-specific issues, epidemiology
All premises with susceptible animals
Additional requirements due to
proximity to infected locations
 
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
 
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations
 
22
 
Establishing a Control Area
 
Federal authority to quarantine a
Control Area
Can establish prior to publication of
notice in Federal Register
In addition to premises quarantines
Unified Command (Federal and State)
State efforts to implement Federal
quarantine reimbursed
 
Implementing Area Quarantine
 
23
 
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
 
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations
 
May cover broad geographical area
Prohibit new movements, short time
Facilitate epidemiological evaluation
None issued in past U.S. outbreaks
Impacts commerce
May require Extraordinary
Emergency, or voluntarily by States
 
Implementing a Standstill
 
24
 
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
 
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations
 
May elect additional quarantine area
outside the boundary of Federal area
Protect State’s interests
Federal goal to support States for
science- and risk-based quarantine,
controlled movement
Secure Food Supply Plans
Other collaborative activities
 
State Area Quarantine Authority
 
25
 
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
 
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations
 
HPAI Control Areas were established
Around Infected and Contact Premises
Federal area quarantines were not
established
May/may not be established during
an FAD outbreak
 
 
Recent FAD Control Areas
 
26
 
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
 
FAD-PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Overview
 
Violations
State: handled by the State
Federal: handled by APHIS IES
Documentation tracked in EMRS2
Appeals
Process varies for State quarantines
Process for Federal quarantines
Hearing, includes hearing officer,
epidemiologist, Incident Commander, owner
 
Quarantine Violations, Appeals
 
27
 
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
 
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations
 
Owner reactions to entry request
may vary
Personnel should leave property if
concerned for safety
Document all non-compliance issues
If confronted with threat
Remain calm, maintain safety, avoid
confrontation, involve higher authority
 
Non-Cooperative Owners
 
28
 
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
 
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations
 
Must have high level of confidence in
disease freedom
Depopulation
Disposal/disposition
Cleaning and disinfection
Downtime with no animal presence
Verification of health status
Laboratory confirmation
Period of restocking
 
Releasing Premises Quarantine
 
29
 
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
 
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations
 
Area quarantine released before or
after individual premises
Federal Register notice indicates the
release of Federal area quarantine
Release of portions of quarantine
may reduce size of Control Area
Trade considerations or epidemiologic
information
 
Releasing Area Quarantine
 
30
 
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
 
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations
 
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines:
Quarantine and Movement
Control
http://www.aphis.usda.gov/fadprep
 
Quarantine and Movement
Control web-based training
module
http://naherc.cfsph.iastate.edu/
 
31
 
For More Information
 
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
 
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations
 
Authors (CFSPH)
Janice P. Mogan, DVM
Heather Allen, PhD, MPA
Kristen Bretz, MS
 
Reviewers (USDA)
Randall Crom, DVM (Retired)
Jonathan Zack, DVM
 
32
 
Guidelines Content
 
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
 
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations
 
Acknowledgments
 
Development of this presentation was
by the Center for Food Security and
Public Health at Iowa State University
through funding from the USDA APHIS
Veterinary Services
 
PPT Authors: Janice Mogan, DVM; Logan Kilburn
Reviewers: Kristen Bretz, MS
Slide Note

In a foreign animal disease (FAD) incident, control and containment of the disease agent is essential to eradication and recovery. Quarantine and movement control (QMC) are critical activities to protect animal health, by helping to prevent the disease agent from being transmitted to non-infected livestock and poultry populations. QMC stops and controls movements in a regulatory Control Area. This presentation focuses on diseases spread by direct and indirect contact rather than vector-borne diseases, as QMC is not particularly effective at preventing the movement of mobile insect vectors. However, QMC activities can still prevent the movement of infected hosts, which may be important in vector-borne FAD incidents. In an incident, quarantines and movement controls are handled through Unified Incident Command, following local, State, and Federal laws/regulations. [This information was derived from the Foreign Animal Disease Preparedness and Response (FAD PReP)/National Animal Health Emergency Management System (NAHEMS) Guidelines: Quarantine and Movement Control (2016)].

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The guidelines provide comprehensive considerations for implementing quarantine measures to prevent disease spread, ensure coordination among various agencies, and facilitate cooperation in emergency management. Key aspects include planning, coordination with local, state, and federal authorities, development of communication plans, and identification of resources for effective response. The focus is on controlling, containing, and eradicating diseases through strategic management strategies outlined in the guidelines.


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  1. Quarantine and Movement Control General Considerations, Quarantine Adapted from the FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine and Movement Control (2016)

  2. This Presentation Quarantines - premises and area Coordination and planning Resolving competing priorities Prevent disease spread Continue key operations Implementing and releasing quarantine FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations 2 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

  3. General Considerations FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations 3 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

  4. Coordination and Cooperation Involve local, State, Tribal, Federal authority, resources SAHO and APHIS cooperation Support from multiple agencies FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations 4 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

  5. Coordination and Cooperation contd Utilize emergency management agencies and local resources Activate veterinary reserve groups Coordination achieved through ICS Goals: control, contain, eradicate the FAD FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations 5 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

  6. Planning Determine legal authority Quarantines Biosecurity Permitting Traffic control and road maintenance Identify resources Develop agreements Identify agricultural routes and potential checkpoint sites FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations 6 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

  7. Planning contd Develop communication plans Internal and external Ensure appropriate PPE, disinfectants Understand roles, responsibilities of emergency response Response conducted through ICS Animal Movement and Permits Group Other personnel as designated by Incident Commander FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations 7 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

  8. Continuum of Activities Quarantine and movement control Stops or limits movement Affects livestock or poultry businesses Continuity of business Managed movement Maintains essential business functions Manages disease risk FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations 8 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

  9. QMC and Managed Movement Same goal Prevent transmission of FAD to non-infected premises QMC Ensure infected do not leave premises COB, managed movement Facilitate movement for non-infected premises within/out of Control Area FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations 9 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

  10. Progression of Activities FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations 10 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

  11. Competing Priorities Competition for limited resources Discuss, mitigate, resolve competing priorities prior to incident Identify resources, establish mutual goals, increase awareness COB plans coordinate with Federal, State, Tribal, local planning efforts FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations 11 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

  12. Individual Premises Quarantine (Typically State Quarantine) FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations 12 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

  13. Issuance of Quarantine State authority varies Presumptive positive, pending lab confirmation Confirmed positive Possibly hold order or embargo first Stops movement of animals/fomites to allow further investigation Then, less temporary quarantine FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations 13 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

  14. Issuance of Quarantine contd Requested by FADD conducting investigation High suspicion of FAD Inconsistent with endemic disease Notify SAHO and AD of quarantine and any needed outside support FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations 14 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

  15. Implementing Premises Quarantine Team led by Site Manager assigned to locations to ensure enforcement Apply quarantine, notify owner/agent Secure premises Establish biosecurity Develop contingency plans Restrict movement Animals, animal products, fomites Prepare for essential movement FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations 15 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

  16. Notifying Owner/Agent Serve quarantines to individual in direct control of animals Three attempts to notify Document all attempts SAHO may authorize quarantine if immediate action is necessary Verify notification receipt FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations 16 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

  17. Securing a Premises Prohibit movement Account for animals in premises census Prevent escape or intentional removal Display signs to warn of restricted access and security If authorized, law enforcement may assist if required FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations 17 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

  18. Biosecurity Procedures Establish Work Zones to restrict access Keep a log of all movements Evaluate wildlife involvement FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations 18 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

  19. Contingency Planning Health and safety of people is top priority Obtain medical care as quickly as possible Coordinate decontamination of the victim without interfering with essential treatment Inform medical facility of pathogen transmission, disinfection, etc. FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations 19 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

  20. Movement Essential movement Humane care of animals Employees and people residing on premises Biosecurity protocols, clean clothes, PPE, cleaning and disinfection Animals, products, fomites Generally don t move during quarantine Permits granted for one-time movement if essential or critical Requires high biosecurity measures FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations 20 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

  21. Area or Region Quarantine (Control Area) FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations 21 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

  22. Establishing a Control Area State or Unified Incident Command Complex factors determine size Disease agent, trade considerations, State-specific issues, epidemiology All premises with susceptible animals Additional requirements due to proximity to infected locations FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations 22 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

  23. Implementing Area Quarantine Federal authority to quarantine a Control Area Can establish prior to publication of notice in Federal Register In addition to premises quarantines Unified Command (Federal and State) State efforts to implement Federal quarantine reimbursed FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations 23 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

  24. Implementing a Standstill May cover broad geographical area Prohibit new movements, short time Facilitate epidemiological evaluation None issued in past U.S. outbreaks Impacts commerce May require Extraordinary Emergency, or voluntarily by States FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations 24 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

  25. State Area Quarantine Authority May elect additional quarantine area outside the boundary of Federal area Protect State s interests Federal goal to support States for science- and risk-based quarantine, controlled movement Secure Food Supply Plans Other collaborative activities FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations 25 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

  26. Recent FAD Control Areas HPAI Control Areas were established Around Infected and Contact Premises Federal area quarantines were not established May/may not be established during an FAD outbreak FAD-PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Overview 26 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

  27. Quarantine Violations, Appeals Violations State: handled by the State Federal: handled by APHIS IES Documentation tracked in EMRS2 Appeals Process varies for State quarantines Process for Federal quarantines Hearing, includes hearing officer, epidemiologist, Incident Commander, owner FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations 27 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

  28. Non-Cooperative Owners Owner reactions to entry request may vary Personnel should leave property if concerned for safety Document all non-compliance issues If confronted with threat Remain calm, maintain safety, avoid confrontation, involve higher authority FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations 28 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

  29. Releasing Premises Quarantine Must have high level of confidence in disease freedom Depopulation Disposal/disposition Cleaning and disinfection Downtime with no animal presence Verification of health status Laboratory confirmation Period of restocking FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations 29 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

  30. Releasing Area Quarantine Area quarantine released before or after individual premises Federal Register notice indicates the release of Federal area quarantine Release of portions of quarantine may reduce size of Control Area Trade considerations or epidemiologic information FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations 30 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

  31. For More Information FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine and Movement Control http://www.aphis.usda.gov/fadprep Quarantine and Movement Control web-based training module http://naherc.cfsph.iastate.edu/ FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations 31 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

  32. Guidelines Content Authors (CFSPH) Janice P. Mogan, DVM Heather Allen, PhD, MPA Kristen Bretz, MS Reviewers (USDA) Randall Crom, DVM (Retired) Jonathan Zack, DVM FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Considerations 32 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

  33. Acknowledgments Development of this presentation was by the Center for Food Security and Public Health at Iowa State University through funding from the USDA APHIS Veterinary Services PPT Authors: Janice Mogan, DVM; Logan Kilburn Reviewers: Kristen Bretz, MS

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