Understanding the U.S. Government Structure and Processes

 
UNIT 3 RULES WERE MADE TO BE BROKEN…
UNIT 3 RULES WERE MADE TO BE BROKEN…
OR AT LEAST INTERPRETED”
OR AT LEAST INTERPRETED”
GPS STANDARD
GPS STANDARD
 
1 What does the legislative branch do?
 
UNIT 3 RULES WERE MADE TO BE BROKEN…
UNIT 3 RULES WERE MADE TO BE BROKEN…
OR AT LEAST INTERPRETED”
OR AT LEAST INTERPRETED”
GPS STANDARD
GPS STANDARD
 
2 What does the executive branch do?
 
UNIT 3 RULES WERE MADE TO BE BROKEN…
UNIT 3 RULES WERE MADE TO BE BROKEN…
OR AT LEAST INTERPRETED”
OR AT LEAST INTERPRETED”
GPS STANDARD
GPS STANDARD
 
3 What does the judicial branch do?
 
UNIT 3 RULES WERE MADE TO BE BROKEN…
UNIT 3 RULES WERE MADE TO BE BROKEN…
OR AT LEAST INTERPRETED”
OR AT LEAST INTERPRETED”
GPS STANDARD
GPS STANDARD
 
4 What is the separation of powers in the
constitution?
 
5 How many members?
6 How many per state?
7 How old you have to be?
8 How long do you have to have been a us citizen?
9 Do you have to live in state?
10 How long is term?
11 What is term limit?
 
HOUSE OF REPS
 
12 How many members?
13 How many per state?
14 How old you have to be?
15 How long do you have to have been a us citizen?
16 Do you have to live in state?
17 How long is term?
18 What is term limit?
 
SENATE
 
19 How old you have to be?
20 Do you have to be born in US?
21 How long do you have to have been a us citizen?
22 Do you have to live in state?
23 How long is term?
24 What is term limit?
 
PRESIDENT
 
 
25 WHAT IS AN INCUMBENT?
 
26 HOW DOES AN IDEA
FOR A LAW BECOME A
LAW?
 
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
 
 
27 WHAT IS A CONGRESSIONAL
AGENDA?
 
28 What are the outside influences on
members of Congress and the
legislative process?
 
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
 
 
29 WHAT IS THE PRESIDENTS CABINET?
 
UNIT 3:  RULES WERE MADE
TO BE BROKEN… OR AT
LEAST INTERPRETED
 
American Government
Coach Vasilchek
 
UNIT 3 RULES WERE MADE TO BE BROKEN…
UNIT 3 RULES WERE MADE TO BE BROKEN…
OR AT LEAST INTERPRETED”
OR AT LEAST INTERPRETED”
GPS STANDARD
GPS STANDARD
 
 
 
 
SSCG 4- The student will demonstrate
SSCG 4- The student will demonstrate
knowledge of the organization and powers
knowledge of the organization and powers
of the national government
of the national government
a. Describe the structure and powers of the
a. Describe the structure and powers of the
legislative, executive and judicial branches.
legislative, executive and judicial branches.
 
 
 
J
udge whether
laws are
constitutional
and whether
they were
broken
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
UNIT 3 RULES WERE MADE TO BE BROKEN…
UNIT 3 RULES WERE MADE TO BE BROKEN…
OR AT LEAST INTERPRETED”
OR AT LEAST INTERPRETED”
GPS STANDARD
GPS STANDARD
 
 
 
 
SSCG9- The student will explain the
SSCG9- The student will explain the
differences between the House of
differences between the House of
Representatives and the Senate, with
Representatives and the Senate, with
the emphasis on terms of office,
the emphasis on terms of office,
powers, organization, leadership, and
powers, organization, leadership, and
representation of each house.
representation of each house.
THREE POWERS OF THE HOUSE OF
THREE POWERS OF THE HOUSE OF
REPRESENTATIVES
REPRESENTATIVES
 
Initiate revenue (tax) bills
Choose the President when the
electoral college is deadlocked
(Election of 1800)
Choose whether to Impeach someone
(choose whether to take it to trial or
not
THREE POWERS OF THE SENATE
THREE POWERS OF THE SENATE
 
 
Treaty ratification
Confirmation or Denial of judicial
and executive appointments
Impeachment Trials
CONSTITUTIONAL CREATION
CONSTITUTIONAL CREATION
 
When the constitution was created:
The small states wanted equal representation
They wanted this so that they had an equal say in the new government
 
The large states wanted proportional representation
They wanted this so that the states with the larger population would have
more representatives in the new government
 
The great compromise gave them both
The senate= equal representation= small states wants
The house of representatives= proportional representation=large state wants
HOW OLD YOU GOTS TO BE
HOW OLD YOU GOTS TO BE
 
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES=25 years old
SENATE= 30 years old
PRESIDENT= 35 years old
EMPEROR= 50 years old
TERM PERIODS/LIMITS
TERM PERIODS/LIMITS
 
Term Periods
The House of Reps= 2 years
The Senate= 6 years
The President= 4 years
 
Term Limits
The House of Reps= no term limit
The Senate= no term limit
The President= 2 term limit or 10 years total
 
Incumbent:   
Incumbent:   
the current officeholder
the current officeholder
Incumbents have a very high re-election rate (80-90%)
Incumbents have a very high re-election rate (80-90%)
 
Yet the public does not hold Congress in very high esteem
Yet the public does not hold Congress in very high esteem
 
Voters seem only to be satisfied with their own representatives
Voters seem only to be satisfied with their own representatives
 
SO WHY ARE INCUMBENTS RE-ELECTED SO OFTEN??????
SO WHY ARE INCUMBENTS RE-ELECTED SO OFTEN??????
Because people are familiar and comfortable with the incumbent.
Because people are familiar and comfortable with the incumbent.
 
WHAT IS AN INCUMBENT?
 
Agenda
Agenda
:  
:  
the schedule of all the issues the Congress
the schedule of all the issues the Congress
is considering
is considering
Many issues have been on the agenda a long time
Many issues have been on the agenda a long time
Other issues emerge suddenly, often due to
Other issues emerge suddenly, often due to
technological change
technological change
 
HOW ISSUES GET ON
THE CONGRESSIONAL AGENDA
 
Issues may reach the agenda in many ways
 
A highly visible event (like 9/11) draws our attention to a problem
 
Presidential support
 
Congressional party leaders and committee chairs
 
Interest group efforts
 
HOW ISSUES GET ON
THE CONGRESSIONAL AGENDA
 
UNIT 3 RULES WERE MADE TO BE BROKEN…
UNIT 3 RULES WERE MADE TO BE BROKEN…
OR AT LEAST INTERPRETED”
OR AT LEAST INTERPRETED”
GPS STANDARD
GPS STANDARD
 
 
 
 
SSCG 10- The student will describe the legislative process
SSCG 10- The student will describe the legislative process
including the roles played by committees and leadership.
including the roles played by committees and leadership.
a. Explain the steps in the legislative process
a. Explain the steps in the legislative process
b. Explain the function of various leadership positions within the
b. Explain the function of various leadership positions within the
legislature
legislature
 
HOW A BILL BECOMES A LAW
 
VIDEO LINK:
VIDEO LINK:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tyeJ55o3El0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tyeJ55o3El0
 
 
THE LEGISLATIVE PROCESS
 
A Presidential Veto is where the president
votes no on a law which was passed
through the House of Reps and the Senate
 
A Presidential Veto can be overridden by
a 2/3 vote in the House of Reps and the
Senate
 
PRESIDENTIAL VETO
 
President’s Action
President’s Action
 
Sign
Sign
 
Veto
Veto
 
Neither sign nor veto within 10 days 
Neither sign nor veto within 10 days 
 
 
Bill becomes Law
Bill becomes Law
 
Neither sign nor veto within 10 days but Congress adjourns
Neither sign nor veto within 10 days but Congress adjourns
(Pocket Veto)
(Pocket Veto)
 
Content of bill can be changed at any time in legislative process
Content of bill can be changed at any time in legislative process
 
THE DANCE OF LEGISLATION:   AN
OVERVIEW
 
Committees
Committees
 develop and use expertise in specific areas
 develop and use expertise in specific areas
Committee Types
Committee Types
 
Standing:  
Standing:  
permanent committee that oversees bills dealing with certain kinds
permanent committee that oversees bills dealing with certain kinds
of issues
of issues
 
Joint:  
Joint:  
committee of the House and Senate that usually acts as a study group
committee of the House and Senate that usually acts as a study group
and reports findings back to each
and reports findings back to each
 
Select (or Special):  
Select (or Special):  
temporary committee formed to study one specific issue
temporary committee formed to study one specific issue
and report its findings to the Senate or House
and report its findings to the Senate or House
 
Conference:  
Conference:  
temporary joint committee set up when the House and the Senate
temporary joint committee set up when the House and the Senate
have passed different versions of the same bill
have passed different versions of the same bill
 
COMMITTEES:
 
Congressional Expertise and Seniority-
Congressional Expertise and Seniority-
Because of more experience and expertise,
Because of more experience and expertise,
people tend to listen to senior congress
people tend to listen to senior congress
persons.
persons.
Influence on committees grows formally with 
Influence on committees grows formally with 
seniority
seniority
Influence on committees grows informally with increased 
Influence on committees grows informally with increased 
expertise
expertise
Senior member of the majority party usually becomes the
Senior member of the majority party usually becomes the
committee chair
committee chair
 
COMMITTEES:  THE
WORKHORSES OF CONGRESS
 
Public policy decision-making takes place in committees
Public policy decision-making takes place in committees
 
 
Committees hold 
Committees hold 
hearings:
hearings:
  
  
sessions in which committee
sessions in which committee
members listen to testimony on issues related to a bill
members listen to testimony on issues related to a bill
Markup Sessions:  
Markup Sessions:  
the meetings at which committees debate
the meetings at which committees debate
and amend legislation
and amend legislation
 
COMMITTEES:  THE WORKHORSES OF
CONGRESS
 
Oversight
Oversight
:  
:  
the process of reviewing the operations of an agency to
the process of reviewing the operations of an agency to
determine whether it is carrying out policies as Congress intended
determine whether it is carrying out policies as Congress intended
 
Oversight has become more difficult
Oversight has become more difficult
 
Congress has added resources to perform the oversight function
Congress has added resources to perform the oversight function
 
Majoritarian and Pluralist Views of Committees
Majoritarian and Pluralist Views of Committees
 
COMMITTEES:  THE WORKHORSES OF
CONGRESS
 
The President- due to the president’s
The President- due to the president’s
popularity, he or she puts a lot of pressure on
popularity, he or she puts a lot of pressure on
the legislature.
the legislature.
Presidents capitalize on nationwide popular election
Presidents capitalize on nationwide popular election
 
Public expects president to be legislator-in-chief
Public expects president to be legislator-in-chief
 
Hundreds of legislative liaison personnel work for
Hundreds of legislative liaison personnel work for
executive branch
executive branch
 
THE LEGISLATIVE ENVIRONMENT
 
Constituents- put pressure on the legislature because
Constituents- put pressure on the legislature because
the legislature lives in their district with these
the legislature lives in their district with these
people.
people.
 
Constituents:  people who live and work in a
Constituents:  people who live and work in a
government official’s district
government official’s district
 
 
THE LEGISLATIVE ENVIRONMENT
 
Trustees or Delegates?
Trustees or Delegates?
Trustee
Trustee
:
:
 
 
 
 
representative who is obligated to consider the views of
representative who is obligated to consider the views of
constituents but is not obligated to vote according to those views if
constituents but is not obligated to vote according to those views if
he or she believes they are misguided
he or she believes they are misguided
 
Delegate
Delegate
:
:
  
  
a legislator whose primary responsibility is to represent
a legislator whose primary responsibility is to represent
the majority view of his or her constituents,  regardless of his or her
the majority view of his or her constituents,  regardless of his or her
own view
own view
 
THE DILEMMA OF REPRESENTATION
 
INTEREST GROUPS IN AMERICA
 
Interest Group: 
Interest Group: 
 
 
a group of people with
a group of people with
common goals who organize to influence
common goals who organize to influence
government
government
Interest Group Roles
Interest Group Roles
 
1.
Representation
Representation
 
2.
Participation
Participation
 
3.
Education
Education
 
4.
Agenda Building
Agenda Building
 
5.
Program Monitoring
Program Monitoring
 
INTEREST GROUP RESOURCES
 
Political Action Committees
Political Action Committees
(PACs)
(PACs)
:
:
 
 
an organization that pools
an organization that pools
contributions from group members
contributions from group members
and donates those funds to
and donates those funds to
candidates for office
candidates for office
 
INTEREST GROUPS AND BIAS
 
Citizen Groups
Citizen Groups
: lobbying organizations built around policy
: lobbying organizations built around policy
concerns unrelated to members’ vocational interests
concerns unrelated to members’ vocational interests
citizen groups
citizen groups
: poverty, environmental protection,
: poverty, environmental protection,
consumer protection, family values, good government,
consumer protection, family values, good government,
equality for various groups
equality for various groups
 
SSCG11 The student will describe the influence of
lobbyists (business, labor, professional organizations)
and special interest groups on the legislative process.
a. Explain the function of lobbyists.
b. Describe the laws and rules that govern lobbyists.
c. Explain the function of special interest groups.
 
GPS STANDARD
 
INTEREST GROUP RESOURCES
 
Lobbyists- 
Lobbyists- 
people who interact with
people who interact with
policymakers/legislators with the goal of
policymakers/legislators with the goal of
informing and pushing their organizations
informing and pushing their organizations
agenda into congress.
agenda into congress.
Can be either full-time employees of the
Can be either full-time employees of the
organization or hired from law firms or
organization or hired from law firms or
public relations firms
public relations firms
Must register with House and Senate; limits
Must register with House and Senate; limits
on gifts; cannot lobby for a government
on gifts; cannot lobby for a government
agency for which they were formerly
agency for which they were formerly
employed for two years (“revolving door”)
employed for two years (“revolving door”)
Lobbyists can be fundraisers for candidates
Lobbyists can be fundraisers for candidates
 
Typical interaction between lobbyists and
Typical interaction between lobbyists and
policymakers is transmission of information
policymakers is transmission of information
 
LOBBYING TACTICS
 
Direct Lobbying
:
 
attempts to influence a legislator’s vote
through personal contact
 
Grassroots Lobbying
: lobbying activities performed by rank-and-
file interest group members and would-be members
 
Information Campaign
: are organized efforts to gain public
backing by bringing the group’s views to public attention
 
High-Tech
 L
obbying
:
 
using e-mail, polling and the World Wide
Web to expand an organization’s reach
 
Coalition Building
: the banding together of several interest
groups for the purpose of lobbying
 
UNIT 3 RULES WERE MADE TO BE BROKEN…
UNIT 3 RULES WERE MADE TO BE BROKEN…
OR AT LEAST INTERPRETED”
OR AT LEAST INTERPRETED”
GPS STANDARD
GPS STANDARD
 
 
 
 
SSCG 15- The student will explain the functions of the
SSCG 15- The student will explain the functions of the
departments and agencies of the federal bureaucracy
departments and agencies of the federal bureaucracy
a. Compare and contrast the organization and responsibilities of
a. Compare and contrast the organization and responsibilities of
independent regulatory agencies, government corporations, and
independent regulatory agencies, government corporations, and
executive agencies.
executive agencies.
b. Explain the functions of the Cabinet.
b. Explain the functions of the Cabinet.
 
GOVERNMENT CORPORATIONS/INDEPENDENT
REGULATORY AGENCIES
 
A 
A 
GOVERNMENT CORPORATION 
GOVERNMENT CORPORATION 
IS  A CORPORATION FULLY OR
IS  A CORPORATION FULLY OR
PARTIALLY OWNED BY THE GOVERNMENT.
PARTIALLY OWNED BY THE GOVERNMENT.
GOVERNMENT CORPORTATIONS-USPS,FDIC
GOVERNMENT CORPORTATIONS-USPS,FDIC
INDEPENDENT REGULATORY AGENCIES 
INDEPENDENT REGULATORY AGENCIES 
Independent agencies
Independent agencies
 of the 
 of the 
United
United
States federal government
States federal government
 are those 
 are those 
agencies
agencies
 that exist outside of the 
 that exist outside of the 
federal
federal
executive departments
executive departments
More specifically, the term may be used to describe agencies that, while
More specifically, the term may be used to describe agencies that, while
constitutionally part of the 
constitutionally part of the 
executive branch
executive branch
, are independent of presidential control,
, are independent of presidential control,
usually because the president's power to dismiss the agency head or a member is
usually because the president's power to dismiss the agency head or a member is
limited.
limited.
IRA EXAMPLES: CIA, FBI, DEA
IRA EXAMPLES: CIA, FBI, DEA
 
 
THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH
THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH
ESTABLISHMENT
ESTABLISHMENT
 
The Cabinet
The Cabinet
 
Cabinet
Cabinet
:
:
  
  
a group of presidential
a group of presidential
advisers; the heads of the
advisers; the heads of the
executive departments and a
executive departments and a
small number of other key
small number of other key
officials
officials
 
THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH ESTABLISHMENT
THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH ESTABLISHMENT
 
The Cabinet includes the Vice President
and the heads of 15 executive
departments — the Secretaries of
Agriculture, Commerce, Defense,
Education, Energy, Health and Human
Services, Homeland Security, Housing and
Urban Development, Interior, Labor,
State, Transportation, Treasury, and
Veterans Affairs, as well as the Attorney
General.
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Explore the roles of the three branches of the U.S. government, including the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. Learn about the separation of powers, the House of Representatives, the Senate, presidential requirements, terms and limits, incumbency, law-making processes, and more. Dive into essential questions regarding congressional agendas and outside influences on legislative processes.


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  1. UNIT 3 RULES WERE MADE TO BE BROKEN OR AT LEAST INTERPRETED GPS STANDARD 1 What does the legislative branch do?

  2. UNIT 3 RULES WERE MADE TO BE BROKEN OR AT LEAST INTERPRETED GPS STANDARD 2 What does the executive branch do?

  3. UNIT 3 RULES WERE MADE TO BE BROKEN OR AT LEAST INTERPRETED GPS STANDARD 3 What does the judicial branch do?

  4. UNIT 3 RULES WERE MADE TO BE BROKEN OR AT LEAST INTERPRETED GPS STANDARD 4 What is the separation of powers in the constitution?

  5. HOUSE OF REPS 5 How many members? 6 How many per state? 7 How old you have to be? 8 How long do you have to have been a us citizen? 9 Do you have to live in state? 10 How long is term? 11 What is term limit?

  6. SENATE 12 How many members? 13 How many per state? 14 How old you have to be? 15 How long do you have to have been a us citizen? 16 Do you have to live in state? 17 How long is term? 18 What is term limit?

  7. PRESIDENT 19 How old you have to be? 20 Do you have to be born in US? 21 How long do you have to have been a us citizen? 22 Do you have to live in state? 23 How long is term? 24 What is term limit?

  8. 25 WHAT IS AN INCUMBENT?

  9. ESSENTIAL QUESTION 26 HOW DOES AN IDEA FOR A LAW BECOME A LAW?

  10. 27 WHAT IS A CONGRESSIONAL AGENDA?

  11. ESSENTIAL QUESTION 28 What are the outside influences on members of Congress and the legislative process?

  12. 29 WHAT IS THE PRESIDENTS CABINET?

  13. UNIT 3: RULES WERE MADE TO BE BROKEN OR AT LEAST INTERPRETED American Government Coach Vasilchek

  14. UNIT 3 RULES WERE MADE TO BE BROKEN OR AT LEAST INTERPRETED GPS STANDARD SSCG 4-The student will demonstrate knowledge of the organization and powers of the national government a. Describe the structure and powers of the legislative, executive and judicial branches.

  15. Judge whether laws are constitutional and whether they were broken

  16. UNIT 3 RULES WERE MADE TO BE BROKEN OR AT LEAST INTERPRETED GPS STANDARD SSCG9- The student will explain the differences between the House of Representatives and the Senate, with the emphasis on terms of office, powers, organization, leadership, and representation of each house.

  17. THREE POWERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Initiate revenue (tax) bills Choose the President when the electoral college is deadlocked (Election of 1800) Choose whether to Impeach someone (choose whether to take it to trial or not

  18. THREE POWERS OF THE SENATE Treaty ratification Confirmation or Denial of judicial and executive appointments Impeachment Trials

  19. CONSTITUTIONAL CREATION When the constitution was created: The small states wanted equal representation They wanted this so that they had an equal say in the new government The large states wanted proportional representation They wanted this so that the states with the larger population would have more representatives in the new government The great compromise gave them both The senate= equal representation= small states wants The house of representatives= proportional representation=large state wants

  20. HOW OLD YOU GOTS TO BE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES=25 years old SENATE= 30 years old PRESIDENT= 35 years old EMPEROR= 50 years old

  21. TERM PERIODS/LIMITS Term Periods The House of Reps= 2 years The Senate= 6 years The President= 4 years Term Limits The House of Reps= no term limit The Senate= no term limit The President= 2 term limit or 10 years total

  22. WHAT IS AN INCUMBENT? Incumbent: the current officeholder Incumbents have a very high re-election rate (80-90%) Yet the public does not hold Congress in very high esteem Voters seem only to be satisfied with their own representatives SO WHY ARE INCUMBENTS RE-ELECTED SO OFTEN?????? Because people are familiar and comfortable with the incumbent.

  23. HOW ISSUES GET ON THE CONGRESSIONAL AGENDA Agenda: the schedule of all the issues the Congress is considering Many issues have been on the agenda a long time Other issues emerge suddenly, often due to technological change

  24. HOW ISSUES GET ON THE CONGRESSIONAL AGENDA Issues may reach the agenda in many ways A highly visible event (like 9/11) draws our attention to a problem Presidential support Congressional party leaders and committee chairs Interest group efforts

  25. UNIT 3 RULES WERE MADE TO BE BROKEN OR AT LEAST INTERPRETED GPS STANDARD SSCG 10- The student will describe the legislative process including the roles played by committees and leadership. a. Explain the steps in the legislative process b. Explain the function of various leadership positions within the legislature

  26. HOW A BILL BECOMES A LAW VIDEO LINK: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tyeJ55o3El0

  27. THE LEGISLATIVE PROCESS

  28. PRESIDENTIAL VETO A Presidential Veto is where the president votes no on a law which was passed through the House of Reps and the Senate A Presidential Veto can be overridden by a 2/3 vote in the House of Reps and the Senate

  29. THE DANCE OF LEGISLATION: AN OVERVIEW President s Action Sign Veto Neither sign nor veto within 10 days Bill becomes Law Neither sign nor veto within 10 days but Congress adjourns (Pocket Veto) Content of bill can be changed at any time in legislative process

  30. COMMITTEES: Committees develop and use expertise in specific areas Committee Types Standing: permanent committee that oversees bills dealing with certain kinds of issues Joint: committee of the House and Senate that usually acts as a study group and reports findings back to each Select (or Special): temporary committee formed to study one specific issue and report its findings to the Senate or House Conference: temporary joint committee set up when the House and the Senate have passed different versions of the same bill

  31. COMMITTEES: THE WORKHORSES OF CONGRESS Congressional Expertise and Seniority- Because of more experience and expertise, people tend to listen to senior congress persons. Influence on committees grows formally with seniority Influence on committees grows informally with increased expertise Senior member of the majority party usually becomes the committee chair

  32. COMMITTEES: THE WORKHORSES OF CONGRESS Public policy decision-making takes place in committees Committees hold hearings: sessions in which committee members listen to testimony on issues related to a bill Markup Sessions: the meetings at which committees debate and amend legislation

  33. COMMITTEES: THE WORKHORSES OF CONGRESS Oversight: the process of reviewing the operations of an agency to determine whether it is carrying out policies as Congress intended Oversight has become more difficult Congress has added resources to perform the oversight function Majoritarian and Pluralist Views of Committees

  34. THE LEGISLATIVE ENVIRONMENT The President- due to the president s popularity, he or she puts a lot of pressure on the legislature. Presidents capitalize on nationwide popular election Public expects president to be legislator-in-chief Hundreds of legislative liaison personnel work for executive branch

  35. THE LEGISLATIVE ENVIRONMENT Constituents- put pressure on the legislature because the legislature lives in their district with these people. Constituents: people who live and work in a government official s district

  36. THE DILEMMA OF REPRESENTATION Trustees or Delegates? Trustee:representative who is obligated to consider the views of constituents but is not obligated to vote according to those views if he or she believes they are misguided Delegate:a legislator whose primary responsibility is to represent the majority view of his or her constituents, regardless of his or her own view

  37. INTEREST GROUPS IN AMERICA Interest Group: a group of people with common goals who organize to influence government Interest Group Roles 1. Representation 2. Participation 3. Education 4. Agenda Building 5. Program Monitoring

  38. INTEREST GROUP RESOURCES Political Action Committees (PACs):an organization that pools contributions from group members and donates those funds to candidates for office

  39. INTEREST GROUPS AND BIAS Citizen Groups: lobbying organizations built around policy concerns unrelated to members vocational interests citizen groups: poverty, environmental protection, consumer protection, family values, good government, equality for various groups

  40. GPS STANDARD SSCG11 The student will describe the influence of lobbyists (business, labor, professional organizations) and special interest groups on the legislative process. a. Explain the function of lobbyists. b. Describe the laws and rules that govern lobbyists. c. Explain the function of special interest groups.

  41. INTEREST GROUP RESOURCES Lobbyists- people who interact with policymakers/legislators with the goal of informing and pushing their organizations agenda into congress. Can be either full-time employees of the organization or hired from law firms or public relations firms Must register with House and Senate; limits on gifts; cannot lobby for a government agency for which they were formerly employed for two years ( revolving door ) Lobbyists can be fundraisers for candidates Typical interaction between lobbyists and

  42. LOBBYING TACTICS Direct Lobbying:attempts to influence a legislator s vote through personal contact Grassroots Lobbying: lobbying activities performed by rank-and- file interest group members and would-be members Information Campaign: are organized efforts to gain public backing by bringing the group s views to public attention High-Tech Lobbying:using e-mail, polling and the World Wide Web to expand an organization s reach Coalition Building: the banding together of several interest groups for the purpose of lobbying

  43. UNIT 3 RULES WERE MADE TO BE BROKEN OR AT LEAST INTERPRETED GPS STANDARD SSCG 15- The student will explain the functions of the departments and agencies of the federal bureaucracy a. Compare and contrast the organization and responsibilities of independent regulatory agencies, government corporations, and executive agencies. b. Explain the functions of the Cabinet.

  44. GOVERNMENT CORPORATIONS/INDEPENDENT REGULATORY AGENCIES A GOVERNMENT CORPORATION IS A CORPORATION FULLY OR PARTIALLY OWNED BY THE GOVERNMENT. GOVERNMENT CORPORTATIONS-USPS,FDIC INDEPENDENT REGULATORY AGENCIES Independent agencies of the United States federal government are those agencies that exist outside of the federal executive departments More specifically, the term may be used to describe agencies that, while constitutionally part of the executive branch, are independent of presidential control, usually because the president's power to dismiss the agency head or a member is limited. IRA EXAMPLES: CIA, FBI, DEA

  45. THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH ESTABLISHMENT The Cabinet Cabinet:a group of presidential advisers; the heads of the executive departments and a small number of other key officials

  46. THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH ESTABLISHMENT The Cabinet includes the Vice President and the heads of 15 executive departments the Secretaries of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Education, Energy, Health and Human Services, Homeland Security, Housing and Urban Development, Interior, Labor, State,Transportation, Treasury, and Veterans Affairs, as well as the Attorney General.

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