A 40-year-old male from Central America presented with 2-month hemoptysis history, dyspnea, chest pain, weight loss, and night sweats. Initial tests showed nodular opacities and cavitary lesions. Biopsy revealed Paracoccidioides infection treated with itraconazole. Clinical improvement noted.

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Pathological fractures occur in weakened bones due to underlying diseases or conditions, often manifesting with minimal trauma. Common causes include neoplastic lesions, infections, metabolic imbalances, and developmental disorders. Recognizing these fractures is crucial for timely intervention and

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Acute gingival diseases encompass various conditions such as Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis, Necrotizing Ulcerative Periodontitis, Necrotizing Ulcerative Stomatitis, and others. Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (NUG) is a microbial disease primarily affecting the gingiva, characterized by necros

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This project focuses on studying the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) genome's association with disease progression and treatment response in cervical neoplasms and cancer. The research aims to genotype high-risk HPVs in healthy and diseased cervix, identify prevalent genotypes, detect genotype drift, cha

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Consultant Clinical Geneticists play a crucial role in assessing the risk of high-risk hereditary cancer predisposition, implementing prevention strategies, and early detection through methods like Whole Body MRI. Surveillance involves annual examinations, imaging, and expert coordination between cl

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Swine Erysipelas, caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, is a significant disease in pigs, characterized by cutaneous erythema, diamond-shaped lesions, septicemia, and arthritis. The infection is primarily transmitted through contaminated feed, water, or skin abrasions. Clinical findings include su

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Phytophthora is a destructive plant pathogen that infects various crops, causing symptoms like leaf lesions and rotting tubers. Its somatic structure includes profusely branched hyphae, and it reproduces asexually through zoospores. The germination process involves the spread of spores by wind and w

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In patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and multivessel coronary artery disease, this study aims to compare fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided PCI with angiography-guided PCI for non-infarct-related artery lesions. The hypothesis is that selective PCI guided by FFR is superior to routin

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Tyzzer's disease is an acute bacterial infection affecting rodents and rabbits, caused by Clostridium piliforme. Discovered in 1917 by Ernest Tyzzer, the disease is characterized by necrotic lesions in the caecal mucosa, liver, and heart. Initially known as Bacillus piliformis, it was later renamed

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Explore the intricate details of the cerebellum with Prof. Ahmed Fathalla Ibrahim. Learn about the external features, anatomical subdivisions, internal structure, and nuclei of the cerebellum. Understand its origin, position in the brainstem, and connections to the brainstem. Gain insights into the

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Benign breast conditions can manifest in various ways, including pain, palpable masses, and nipple discharge. Familiarity with common inflammatory conditions like mastitis and abscesses, as well as understanding fibrocystic changes and benign tumors such as fibroadenoma, is crucial. Mammographic scr

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Glanders, also known as Farcy, Equinia, or Malleus, is a contagious disease affecting horses, mules, and donkeys. It is caused by the bacteria Pseudomonas mallei and can be transmitted through direct contact or inhalation. The disease manifests with nodules or ulcers in the respiratory tract and on

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Equine coital exanthema, caused by Equine Herpesvirus 3, is a contagious venereal disease affecting horses globally. It primarily manifests as genital lesions in stallions and mares, transmitted sexually or through contact with contaminated materials. While it is typically self-limiting, it can be p

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Johne's Disease, caused by Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, is a chronic bacterial infection affecting the lower intestinal tract of ruminants. It is characterized by chronic diarrhea and emaciation, mainly seen in mature animals. The mode of transmission includes contaminated food/water, intrauterin

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The provided guidelines outline the standard care pathway for assessing peripheral lesions in lung cancer patients based on staging CT findings. It includes recommendations for biopsy methods, fitness assessment, PET-CT imaging, and considerations for treatment decisions. The protocol emphasizes tai

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Ancylostoma duodenale, a parasitic worm causing Ancylostomiasis, is discussed in this lecture. The infection's distribution, morphology, life cycle, and pathology are detailed, emphasizing the impact on humans. The lifecycle stages, including egg production, larval development, and entry into the hu

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Melanoma, a type of skin cancer, can be life-threatening if not diagnosed early. This study presented at the IEEE EMBC conference focuses on using a convolutional neural network for automated detection of melanoma lesions in clinical images. The importance of early detection is highlighted, as exper

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Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is a rare malignancy often challenging to differentiate from benign thyroid nodules. This case study highlights a 50-year-old male patient whose nonfunctioning sporadic PC was initially misidentified as a follicular thyroid nodule. Despite preoperative evaluations, includi

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This informative content provides a detailed guide on leprosy nerve examination conducted by Dr. N. K. Kansal, an Associate Professor. It covers the procedure for palpation of a nerve, emphasizing correct patient positioning and gentle palpation techniques. The importance of comparing nerves on both

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Contrast radiography is a crucial technique in veterinary medicine that involves using contrast media to enhance visualization of organs and lesions. Different types of contrast media, positive and negative, are used to alter tissue radio density for better demarcation. Barium and iodine compounds a

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Thoracotomy involves opening the thoracic cavity for procedures like repairing diaphragmatic rents or draining abscesses. Techniques include intercostal incision, rib resection, and split rib incision. Pre-operative evaluation aids in pinpointing lesions. Procedures involve incisions, rib manipulati

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Pox viruses can affect wild animals, with Monkeypox emerging as a significant zoonotic virus in Central and West Africa. The disease shows similarities to smallpox but is less severe. Pox lesions are characteristic signs of infection, and outbreaks have been documented in regions with a history of s

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Infectious Ectromelia, also known as Mousepox, is a viral disease causing high mortality in adult mice and limb amputation in surviving cases. It is characterized by skin lesions, rash, and generalized fatal disease. Various strains of the virus exist, with transmission occurring through abrasions o

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The need for a national histopathology service for organ retrieval and transplantation is highlighted, with a focus on the importance of histopathological analysis in assessing donor organ quality and identifying lesions for further investigation. The audit findings show the incidence of urgent hist

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Ophthalmic external photography, particularly external ocular photography (EOP), plays a vital role in ophthalmology practice by capturing images of the eye, ocular adnexa, and facial structures. It aids in documenting lesions, nerve anomalies, surgical outcomes, and disease progression. Digital pho

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A comprehensive exploration of facial nerve lesions through real-life clinical scenarios and detailed anatomical insights. Dive into cases involving trauma, fractures, and abscesses to understand the varied manifestations of these lesions. Learn about the functions of the facial nerve, its segments,

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Fowl Pox, caused by Avipoxvirus, is a contagious disease in birds characterized by wart-like nodules and diphtheritic membranes in the throat and mouth. It has multiple forms, including dry pox, wet pox, and coryza-like form, with varying clinical signs. The disease spreads through mosquitoes, bitin

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Crustacean parasites, such as Argulus spp., can cause argulosis in fish, leading to skin, fin, and gill pathology. The life cycle of these parasites involves one host, with separate sexes for reproduction. Argulosis symptoms include behavioral abnormalities, irritation, and skin lesions, potentially

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Understanding the natural history, evaluation, and management of benign liver lesions is crucial for diagnosing incidental liver findings. Common benign liver lesions include hepatic hemangioma, focal nodular hyperplasia, hepatic adenoma, and hepatic cyst. Differential diagnosis plays a key role in

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Comprehensive overview detailing jaw imaging modalities such as X-Ray, CT, and MRI for evaluating jaw bone and tooth conditions. Covers anatomy, common mandibular lesions, odontogenic cysts, non-odontogenic cysts, and odontogenic benign tumors. Provides details on diagnostic protocols, imaging findi

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Sensory evaluation of trigeminal nerve function involves assessing exteroceptive sensations across its divisions, identifying sensory losses due to lesions, and distinguishing different types of lesions affecting sensation on the face. Motor evaluation focuses on the muscles of mastication to detect

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A 45-year-old male presented with incidental lesions in the anterior peritoneal cavity during a CT scan for haematuria. These lesions, measuring between 9 mm and 22 mm, were non-enhancing and lacked consistent signal characteristics. Further imaging with MRI was recommended for better evaluation. By

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This content delves into the intricacies of upper and lower motor neuron lesions, detailing their effects and manifestations in the human body. It explores the causes, types of paralysis, reflexes, muscle tone changes, and the impact of lesions at various levels of the motor system. The insights pro

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Explore the intricate world of neurology with a focus on brain localization, neuroaxis structures, and the distinctions between upper and lower motor neuron signs. Delve into the functions of brain lobes, brain stem anatomy, and spinal cord functions. Discover how upper motor neuron signs indicate l

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Skin, the largest organ of the body, plays a crucial role in regulating temperature and acting as a protective barrier. It consists of the epidermis, dermis, and subcutis, along with skin appendages like hair and claws. Skin lesions can be categorized into primary and secondary, with primary lesions

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Pituitary incidentalomas are unexpected lesions found during imaging studies for unrelated reasons. Evaluation and management recommendations rely heavily on clinical experience due to limited literature on the topic. Etiology includes mostly pituitary adenomas and a small percentage of nonpituitary

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HHS is an acute infectious disease in chickens characterized by high morbidity and mortality, excess pericardial fluid, and multifocal hepatic necrosis. It mainly affects broilers and broiler parents, with clinical signs such as sudden mortality, lethargy, and ruffled feathers. Post-mortem lesions i

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The parietal lobe is crucial for sensory integration, spatial perception, and higher-order cognitive functions. Lesions in this area can lead to various sensory disturbances, apraxia, agnosia, and neglect syndromes. Understanding the roles of the parietal lobe can provide insights into how the brain

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Surgical approaches to foramen magnum lesions involve understanding the anatomical structures, diameters, condyles, and contents of the region. Critical considerations include the choice of surgical approach based on the location and extent of the lesion, size, and nature of the pathology. Approache

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Spasticity is a motor disorder characterized by increased muscle tone and exaggerated reflexes, typically associated with upper motor neuron lesions. This article explains the differences between upper and lower motor neuron lesions, the neurophysiology of spasticity, causes, effects, and treatments

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