Demographic Insights on Race/Ethnicity, Health, and Care in the U.S.

The data reveals the distribution of the U.S. population by race/ethnicity in 2010, highlighting percentages for Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander, Asian, Hispanic, Black, White, and other groups. It also presents statistics on the distribution of Hispanic Americans, no usual source of care for nonelderly adults, diagnosed diabetes among adults, hospital admissions for uncontrolled diabetes, and adults with any mental illness by race/ethnicity. The findings offer valuable insights into the demographic makeup and healthcare trends in the United States.

• Demographics
• Race/Ethnicity
• Health Statistics
• U.S. Population
• Healthcare Trends

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1. Distribution of U.S. Population by Race/Ethnicity, 2010 Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0.2% Some Other Race 0.2% Two or More Races: 2% Asian 5% American Indian/ Alaska Native 1% Black, Non- Hispanic 12% Hispanic 16% White, Non- Hispanic 64% Total U.S. Population = 308.7 million SOURCE: 2010 U.S. Census

2. Distribution of Hispanic Americans, 2010 Spainard 3% South American 3% Other Hispanic 4% Central American 4% Cuban 0.4% Mexican 53% Puerto Rican 33% Total U.S. Hispanic Population = 50.5 million SOURCE: 2010 U.S. Census

3. No Usual Source of Care for Nonelderly Adults by Race and Ethnicity, 2008-2009 33% Percent reporting no usual source of care 26% 25% 21% 20% 19% 16% All Nonelderly Adults White, Non- Hispanic Asian Black, Non- Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native Two or More Races Hispanic SOURCE: Table 75. No usual source of health care among adults 18 64 years of age, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, selected years 1993 1994 through 2008 2009. Health US, 2010. National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

4. Diagnosed Diabetes Among Adults Age 20 Years and Older, by Race/Ethnicity, 2007-2009 16% Percent with diagnosed diabetes 13% 12% 8% 8% 7% Overall White, Non- Hispanic Asian Hispanic Black, Non- Hispanic American Indian/ Alaska Native* NOTE: Percentages are age-adjusted. Diabetes prevalence includes physician-diagnosed (self-reported). * Data for A/AN come from the 2009 Indian Health Services user file. SOURCE: 2011 National Diabetes Fact Sheet. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pubs/estimates11.htm#4

5. Adult Hospital Admissions for Uncontrolled Diabetes by Race/Ethnicity, 2007 65.0 Admissions per 100,000 population 37.4 20.9 12.7 10.1 All Adults Asian & NHOPI White, Non- Hispanic Hispanic Black, Non- Hispanic NOTE: Data are for adult population only and reflect admissions for uncontrolled diabetes without complication. DATA: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. SOURCE: National Healthcare Disparities Report, 2010, available at: http://www.ahrq.gov/qual/qrdr10/2_diabetes/T2_3_1-2.htm.

6. Adults with Any Mental Illness* in the Past Year by Race/Ethnicity, 2010 Percent with any mental illness 25% 21% 20% 20% 19% 18% 16% All Adults Asian Hispanic American Indian/ Alaska Native Black White Multiracial NOTE: Any Mental Illness (AMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a substance use disorder, that med the criteria found in the DSM-IV. SOURCE: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral health Statistics and Quality (formerly the Office of Applied Studies), National Survey on Drug use and Health, 2009 and 2010.

7. Adults with Any Mental Illness* Who Received Treatment in the Past Year by Race/Ethnicity, 2010 44% 39% Percent with any mental illness who received treatment 28% 27% 16% All Adults White Hispanic Black Asian NOTE: Any Mental Illness (AMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a substance use disorder, that med the criteria found in the DSM-IV. SOURCE: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral health Statistics and Quality (formerly the Office of Applied Studies), National Survey on Drug use and Health, 2009 and 2010.

8. Untreated Dental Caries by Age and Race and Ethnicity, 2005-2008 White, Non-Hispanic Black Hispanic 39% 35% 32% 31% 22% 22% 19% 17% 13% Ages 6-19 Years Ages 20-64 Years Ages 65-74 Years SOURCE: Table 73 (page 1 of 2). Untreated dental caries, by selected characteristics: United States, selected years 1971 1974 through 2005 2008. Health US, 2010. National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

9. Poverty Status of Nonelderly by Race/Ethnicity, 2010 Less than 138% FPL 138% - 199% FPL 200%-399% FPL 400% FPL or More 14% 17% 17% 26% 28% 33% 41% 42% 24% 25% 25% 23% 26% 15% 27% 11% 12% 25% 29% 12% 17% 10% 10% 9% 47% 48% 46% 36% 33% 29% 24% 21% All U.S. AI/AN Hispanic Black, Non- Hispanic Two or More Races NHOPI Asian White, Non- Hispanic DATA: 2011 March Supplement, Current Population Survey. NOTE: FPL in 2010 was $22,050 for a family of four. SOURCE: Kaiser Family Foundation Analyses

10. Median Income for Elderly Americans by Race and Ethnicity, 2010 $23,500 $21,000 $14,000 $13,500 All Elderly White, Non-Hispanic Black, Non-Hispanic Hispanic DATA: 2011 March Supplement, Current Population Survey. SOURCE: Kaiser Family Foundation Analyses

11. Nonelderly Health Coverage by Race/Ethnicity, 2010 Employer Medicaid or Other Public Uninsured 14% 15% 18% 19% 19% 22% 30% 32% 15% 14% 20% 23% 31% 33% 28% 29% 72% 67% 62% 59% 55% 45% 42% 39% All U.S. White Asian Two or More Races NHOPI Black AI/AN Hispanic 47.0 Million 1.7 Million 0.7 Million 33.7 Million 266.0 Million 165.7 Million 12.6 Million 4.5 Million DATA: 2011 March Supplement, Current Population Survey. SOURCE: Kaiser Family Foundation Analyses

12. Health Coverage of Nonelderly Hispanics by Subgroup, 2010 Employer or Other Private Medicaid or Other Public Uninsured 17% 24% 32% 34% 34% 36% 38% 25% 19% 29% 22% 30% 52% 48% 45% 42% 39% 37% All Nonelderly Hispanics Other Hispanic Cuban Puerto RicanCentral/South Mexican American SOURCE: Kaiser Family Foundation Analyses of 2011 Current Population Survey.

13. Health Coverage by Industry, 2010 Employer Sponsored Medicaid Uninsured All Nonelderly Employees 74% 20% 7% Public Administration 88% 6% 6% Info., Communication & Educ 87% 9% 4% Finance 84% 11% 5% Mining & Manufacturing 81% 15% 4% Health & Social Services 77% 15% 8% Utilities & Transportation 75% 18% 7% Professions 73% 21% 7% Wholesale & Retail 70% 22% 8% Construction 57% 36% 7% Services 57% 32% 11% Agriculture 55% 36% 10% SOURCE: Kaiser Family Foundation Analyses of 2011 Current Population Survey.

14. Annual Unemployment Rate Ages 16 and Older by Race/Ethnicity, 2011 Percent Unemployed Overall 8.9% Black 15.8% Hispanic 11.0% White 7.9% Asian 7.0% NOTE: Data are not seasonally adjusted, with the exception of Asian workers. SOURCE: Labor Force Statistics. Bureau of Labor Statistics. http://data.bls.gov/PDQ/outside.jsp?survey=ln. Accessed 1/20/12.

15. Annual Unemployment Rate Ages 16 and Older by Hispanic Ethnicity, 2011 Percent Unemployed All Hispanic 8.9% Puerto Rican 14.1% Mexican 11.6% Cuban 11.2% NOTE: Data are not seasonally adjusted, with the exception of Asian workers. SOURCE: Labor Force Statistics. Bureau of Labor Statistics. http://data.bls.gov/PDQ/outside.jsp?survey=ln. Accessed 1/20/12.

16. Language Spoken at Home among U.S. Population 5 Years and Older, 2006-2008 Language Spoken at Home Number of Speakers Percent of Non-English at Home Speakers Number Who Speak English Less than Very Well 24,252,429 Percent Who Speak English Less than Very Well 44% Language Other than English Spanish Indo-European Language Asian or Pacific Island Language African Languages 55,076,078 100% 34,183,747 10,347,377 62% 19% 16,120,772 3,405,878 47% 33% 8,267,977 15% 4,041,963 49% 710,214 1% 234,509 33% SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006-2008 American Community Survey. http://www.census.gov/hhes/socdemo/language/

17. Distribution of Nonelderly Uninsured Below 138% FPL by Race/Ethnicity, 2010 Two or More Races 1% Asian 4% NHOPI 0.29% American Indian/ Alaska Native 1% Black, non- Hispanic 18% White, non- Hispanic 41% Hispanic 35% Total Nonelderly Uninsured Below 138% FPL = 26.3 million DATA: 2011 March Supplement, Current Population Survey. SOURCE: Kaiser Family Foundation Analyses

18. Current and Projected Nonelderly Medicaid Coverage Rates by Race/Ethnicity, 2010 Current Medicaid or Other Public Coverage Medicaid Eligible (Income only) 14% 20% 18% 7% 10% 10% 9% 6% 33% 31% 29% 28% 23% 20% 15% 14% All U.S. Two or More Races AI/AN Black Hispanic NHOPI Asian White, Non- Hispanic DATA: 2011 March Supplement, Current Population Survey. SOURCE: Kaiser Family Foundation Analyses

19. Coverage Restrictions for Immigrants Under Current Reform Proposals Continue to be subject to five-year bar on Medicaid (state option to eliminate bar for pregnant women and/or children). Eligible for subsidies for exchange coverage on same basis as citizens. May receive subsidies while subject to five-year bar. Must verify citizenship status (and income) to receive subsidies. Continue to be barred from Medicaid. Not eligible for subsidies to purchase exchange coverage. Lawfully Residing Immigrants Undocumented Immigrants Prohibited from purchasing coverage thru exchange; can buy on individual market.

20. Nonelderly Persons of Color, by State, 2010 NH VT WA ME MT ND MN MA OR NY ID SD WI RI MI CT WY PA NJ IA NE OH IN NV DE IL WV UT VA MD CO CA KS MO KY NC DC TN OK SC AR AZ NM AL GA MS TX LA AK FL HI 5 15% (12 states) 16 - 25% (13 states) 26 - 40% (13 states) 41 - 83% (12 states and DC) U.S. Minority Population = 37% (99 million) Source: Kaiser Family Foundation analysis of March 2011 Current Population Surveys, U.S. Census Bureau.

21. Nonelderly Uninsured, by State, 2010 NH VT WA ME MT ND MN MA OR NY ID SD WI RI MI CT WY PA NJ IA NE OH IN NV DE IL WV UT VA MD CO CA KS MO KY NC DC TN OK SC AR AZ NM AL GA MS TX LA AK FL HI 4 10% (3 states) 11 - 15% (13 states and DC) 16 - 20% (24 states) 21 - 30% (10 states) U.S. Uninsured Population = 19% (50 million) Source: Kaiser Family Foundation analysis of March 2010 Current Population Surveys, U.S. Census Bureau.

22. Distribution of U.S. Hispanic Population by State, 2010 All Other States 25% California 28% Colorado 2% New Jersey 3% Texas 19% Arizona 4% Illinois 4% New York 7% Florida 8% Total U.S. Hispanic Population = 50.5 million SOURCE: The Hispanic Population: 2010. U.S. Census Bureau, 2010

23. Distribution of U.S. Medical School Enrollees by Race/Ethnicity, 2010 U.S. Race Unknown 3% Non U.S. or Permanent Resident 1% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0.3% Some Other Race 0.1% Asian 21% American Indian/Alaska Native 1% White, Non- Hispanic 59% Black, Non- Hispanic 7% Hispanic 8% Total U.S. Enrollees = 18,665 SOURCE: AAMC Data Warehouse: Applicant Matriculant File as of October 4, 2010. https://www.aamc.org/download/152934/data/enrollment_data_2010.pdf. Accessed 1/20/12.