Key Concepts Related to Race and Racism

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Module One: Setting the Stage
Ethnicity
Ethnicity refers to particular groups of
people that share some common ancestry,
traditions, language, or dialect.
Nationality
the country to which a
person is a citizen.
Race
Race is a false classification of people that is not based on any real
or accurate biological or scientific truth. In other words, the
distinction we make between races, has nothing to do with
scientific truth.
Race is a political construction. A political construction is something
created by people; that is not a natural development; is constructed
or created for a political purpose.
The concept of race was created as a classification of human beings
with the purpose of giving power to white people and to legitimize
the dominance of white people over non-white
people.
Racism
a belief that race is the primary determinant
of human traits and capacities and that
racial differences produce an inherent
superiority of a particular race.
Structural Racism
Structural Racism in the U.S. is the normalization and
legitimization of an array of dynamics – historical, cultural,
institutional and interpersonal – that routinely advantage
whites while producing cumulative and chronic adverse
outcomes for people of color.
It is a system of hierarchy and inequity, primarily
characterized by white supremacy – the preferential
treatment, privilege and power for white people at the
expense of Black, Latino, Asian, Pacific Islander, Native
American, Arab and other racially oppressed people.
Individual Racism
Individual racism lies 
within individuals.
These are private manifestations of racism
that reside inside the individual.
Interpersonal Racism
Interpersonal racism occurs 
between
individuals
. Once private beliefs come
into 
interaction
 with others, the racism is
now in the interpersonal realm. Intuition
Internalized Racism
(1)
Racism that impacts the psyches of
people of color, until people of color
believe about themselves what whites
believe about them -- that they are
inferior to whites
(2)
The behavior of one person of color
toward another that stems from this
psychic poisoning. Often called “inter-
racial hostility
Institutional Racism
Institutional racism occurs 
within and between
institutions. 
Institutional racism is
discriminatory treatment, unfair policies and
inequitable opportunities and impacts, based
on race, produced and perpetuated by
institutions (schools, mass media, etc.).
Individuals within institutions take on the
power of the institution when they act in ways
that advantage and disadvantage people, based
on race.
Prejudice
A prejudice is a 
pre-judgment 
in
favor of or against a person, a
group, an event, an idea, or a
thing.
Discrimination
An action based on prejudgment
The unjust or prejudicial treatment of
different categories of people or things,
esp. on the grounds of race, age, or
gender
Stereotype
To reduce somebody to oversimplified
category.
To categorize individuals or groups
according to an oversimplified standardized
image or idea.
Oppression
An unjust exercise of authority or power.
Privilege
a special right, advantage, or immunity
granted or available only to a particular
person or group of people.
White Privilege
Is a set of advantages and/or immunities that
white people benefit from on a
daily basis beyond those common to all
others. White privilege can exist without
white people's conscious knowledge of its
presence and it helps to maintain the
racial hierarchy in this country.
Critical Race Theory
An academic discipline focused upon a critical examination
of society and culture, to the intersection of race, law, and
power.
CRT recognizes that racism is engrained in the fabric and
system of the American society. The individual racist need
not exist to note that institutional racism is pervasive in the
dominant culture. This is the analytical lens that CRT uses in
examining existing power structures. CRT identifies that
these power structures are based on white privilege and white
supremacy, which perpetuates the marginalization of people
of color.
Anti-Racist
A person who makes a conscious choice
to act to challenge some aspect of the
white supremacy system.
Microaggression
 
Microaggressions are brief and commonplace daily
verbal, behavioral, or environmental indignities,
whether intentional or unintentional, that
communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative slights
and insults.
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Exploring the key terms such as ethnicity, nationality, race, racism, and types of racism including structural, individual, interpersonal, and internalized racism. It delves into the origins and implications of these concepts in society, shedding light on how race is a social and political construct used to maintain power dynamics, with a focus on the United States.


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  1. Module One: Setting the Stage KEY KEY TERMS TERMS

  2. Ethnicity Ethnicity refers to particular groups of people that share some common ancestry, traditions, language, or dialect.

  3. Nationality the country to which a person is a citizen.

  4. Race Race is a false classification of people that is not based on any real or accurate biological or scientific truth. In other words, the distinction we make between races, has nothing to do with scientific truth. Race is a political construction. A political construction is something created by people; that is not a natural development; is constructed or created for a political purpose. The concept of race was created as a classification of human beings with the purpose of giving power to white people and to legitimize the dominance of white people over non-white people.

  5. Racism a belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race.

  6. Structural Racism Structural Racism in the U.S. is the normalization and legitimization of an array of dynamics historical, cultural, institutional and interpersonal that routinely advantage whites while producing cumulative and chronic adverse outcomes for people of color. It is a system of hierarchy and inequity, primarily characterized by white supremacy the preferential treatment, privilege and power for white people at the expense of Black, Latino, Asian, Pacific Islander, Native American, Arab and other racially oppressed people.

  7. Individual Racism Individual racism lies within individuals. These are private manifestations of racism that reside inside the individual.

  8. Interpersonal Racism Interpersonal racism occurs between individuals. Once private beliefs come into interaction with others, the racism is now in the interpersonal realm. Intuition

  9. Internalized Racism (1)Racism that impacts the psyches of people of color, until people of color believe about themselves what whites believe about them -- that they are inferior to whites (2)The behavior of one person of color toward another that stems from this psychic poisoning. Often called inter- racial hostility

  10. Institutional Racism Institutional racism occurs within and between institutions. Institutional racism is discriminatory treatment, unfair policies and inequitable opportunities and impacts, based on race, produced and perpetuated by institutions (schools, mass media, etc.). Individuals within institutions take on the power of the institution when they act in ways that advantage and disadvantage people, based on race.

  11. Prejudice A prejudice is a pre-judgment in favor of or against a person, a group, an event, an idea, or a thing.

  12. Discrimination An action based on prejudgment The unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things, esp. on the grounds of race, age, or gender

  13. Stereotype To reduce somebody to oversimplified category. To categorize individuals or groups according to an oversimplified standardized image or idea.

  14. Oppression An unjust exercise of authority or power.

  15. Privilege a special right, advantage, or immunity granted or available only to a particular person or group of people.

  16. White Privilege Is a set of advantages and/or immunities that white people benefit from on a daily basis beyond those common to all others. White privilege can exist without white people's conscious knowledge of its presence and it helps to maintain the racial hierarchy in this country.

  17. Critical Race Theory An academic discipline focused upon a critical examination of society and culture, to the intersection of race, law, and power. CRT recognizes that racism is engrained in the fabric and system of the American society. The individual racist need not exist to note that institutional racism is pervasive in the dominant culture. This is the analytical lens that CRT uses in examining existing power structures. CRT identifies that these power structures are based on white privilege and white supremacy, which perpetuates the marginalization of people of color.

  18. Anti-Racist A person who makes a conscious choice to act to challenge some aspect of the white supremacy system.

  19. Microaggression Microaggressions are brief and commonplace daily verbal, behavioral, or environmental indignities, whether intentional or unintentional, that communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative slights and insults.

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