Translation Strategies Used by Tourism Practitioners in Explaining Cultural Terms
Investigating strategies employed by tourism practitioners to translate cultural terms, this research involved a qualitative study with 74 respondents. Findings revealed various translation methods used, such as cultural substitution, loan words, and paraphrasing. The study aims to explore factors influencing translation choices in tourism contexts.
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Conaplin 14 Identification of Tourism Practitioner Practice in Explaining Cultural Term
Competent in Language Cultural Awareness Conaplin 14 Identification of Tourism Practitioner Practice in Explaining Cultural Term
Identification of Tourism Practitioner Practice in Explaining Cultural Term Kadek Wiramarta, Ni Putu Dian Utami Dewi Krisna Sukma Yogiswari Ida Bagus Wika Krishna
Research Purpose Investigating strategies used by tourism practitioners in translating cultural terms Finding out the factors of tourism practitioner in using certain strategies for translating cultural words Conaplin 14 Identification of Tourism Practitioner Practice in Explaining Cultural Term
Research Methods Qualitative Study Text Analysis Respondents 74 Tourism Practitioners Interview Data Collection Conducting a Translation Test Interview the Motives of Translation Conaplin 14 Identification of Tourism Practitioner Practice in Explaining Cultural Term
Findings and Discussion Percentage (%) 99.23 Collected Data Quantity Translated Sentences 2056 Untranslated Sentences 16 0.77 Total 2072 100 Percentage (%) Strategies Quantity Translation by a more general word 176 8,49% Translation by a more neutral / less expressive word 0 0,00% Translation by cultural substitution 137 6,61% Translation using loan word or loan word plus explanation 1197 57,77% Translation by paraphrase using a related word 50 2,41% Translation by paraphrase using unrelated words 472 22,78% Translation by omission 24 1,16% Translation by illustration 0 0,00%
Findings and Discussion Translation Using Loan Word or Loan Word plus Explanation Words Meaning Translated Sentences Awig-Awig Traditional customary rules of conduct based on Hinduism (Basa Bali Wiki) Setiap desa memiliki awig-awig untuk warganya Every village has local regulation called Awig- Awig for their people (Respondent 32, question 2) Gamelan Variety of musical ensembles comprised of traditional Balinese musical instruments made by dozens or bamboo which are played by group consisting of 30-40 players (Tenzer, 2014) Para pemuda bermain gamelan di Pura The teenagers played Gamelan orchestra in the temple (Respondent 17 question 8) MOTIVE IN APPLICATION Retaining the spirit of culture and make the guest understand the meaning of term
Findings and Discussion Translation by Paraphrase Using Unrelated Words Words Meaning Translated Sentences Megibung Eating together in a small group (Basa Bali Wiki) Setelah upacara, orang Bali sering megibung After the ceremony, Balinese people often sit around the food and eat the food together on top of banana leaf. (Respondent 48, question 13) Lontar Leaves of palm upon which the holy books of Hindu are written. (Basa Bali Wiki) Banyak kearifan lokal bali ada di dalam Lontar There are many local Wisdom in Bali written in traditional ancient paper made from palm (Respondent 51, question 28) MOTIVE IN APPLICATION Explain the cultural term as complete as possible
Findings and Discussion Translation by a More General Word Words Meaning Translated Sentences Dana Punia One of the teachings of Hinduism in the form of sacred donations. (Suardana, 2016) Dana punia yang terkumpul cukup banyak The charity is already enough (Respondent, 7 Question 11 MOTIVE IN APPLICATION More practical Deliver the meaning without misinforming
Findings and Discussion Translation by Cultural Substitution Terms Meaning Translated Sentences Meaning of Term in Target Language Tuak Alcoholic drink made from natural fermentation of the sugary liquid obtained by incising the unopened flower bud of the coconut tree or palm tree. (Basa Bali Wiki) Orang Bali sangat menyukai Tuak ketika berkumpul Alcoholic drink made by fermentation of fruit juice. The fruit is usually grape, but sometimes it can be apple, blueberries or strawberries. (Australian Wine Discovered, 2017) Balinese people like to drink Balinese wine in gathering (Respondent 4, Question 9) MOTIVE IN APPLICATION Efficiency and Effective
Findings and Discussion Translation by Paraphrase Using a Related Word Words Meaning Translated Sentences Sekeha Teruna- Teruni Sekaa means assosciation or organization. Truna means male teenager while truni means female teenager. Thus, this phrase means organization or assosciation for male and female teenager. Setiap Sore sekeha teruna teruni berkumpul untuk rapat Every night the Balinese youth organization have meeting (Respondent 19, question 5) MOTIVE IN APPLICATION The translated term does not lost its meaning if each word is translated separately
Findings and Discussion Translation by Ommision Words Meaning Translated Sentences Wuku Balinese seven-day week (Basabali wiki) Galungan jatuh pada Wuku Dunggulan Galungan falls on Dunggulan (Respondent 31, question 26 MOTIVE IN APPLICATION Finding difficulties to find equivalent terma The terms is not important enough in the sentence
Factor Guest Cognition Cultural Awareness When I go to one cultural site or seeing one cultural event with my guest, the night before I learn about that particular culture first, so we can explain this understandable way to my guest (Respondent 45, occupation freelance guide, author s translation) If I know the meaning of specific culture, I can explain it well, If not, I tend to be more quiet. attraction in most (Respondent 20, occupation government tourism board, author s translation) Receiver of Information Culture Complexity Bali is rich of culture. We go to one tourism object and then find something unique. Moving forward to another tourism spot and yet they are different from previous object. I even found some vocabularies that could have different meaning from two neighbouring village can be different in certain aspect from each other. occupation freelance guide, author s translation) My guests are different from each other. I have a guest who frequently comes to Bali and also first timer. I meet young generation and some mature guests. I serve a cheerful and talk active guest, in the other occasion my guest is really quiet. Each of them is unique and somehow affects my way of communication. (Respondent 28, occupation freelance guide, author s translation) villages. Even, two (Respondent 15,
CONCLUSIONS There are 6 translation strategies from Mona Baker Theories that are implemented : translating by loanword or loanword plus explanation with 57.77% translated cultural terms appears to be translated by this strategy. Then it is followed by other strategies like translation by paraphrase by using unrelated words (22.78%), translation by a more general word (8.49%), translation by cultural substitution (6.61%), translation by paraphrase using a related word (2.41%) and translation by omission (1.16%) Guest cognition, tourism practitioner cultural awareness, cultural complexity between each tourism object and guest s personality are found to be factors that influence the translation strategies selection.
