Global Travel Trends and Insights

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Travel Patterns and
Trends (chapter 2)
 
 
International and regional travel trends such as
1. visitor arrivals
2. 
tourism receipts 
(amount of $ spent by tourists
in a given country during specific time period.)
3. top destinations
 
Introduction
 
 
The understanding of trends is important as they
provide an indication to what is likely to occur in
the future for planning and marketing a touristic
destination.
External factors including:
 political
demographic,
social and technological changes will also be
considered.
 
Introduction
Tourism Growth
Domestic & International Tourism
 
INTERNATIONAL vs. DOMESTIC TOURISM
TRENDS
 
Domestic tourism dominates in some countries
because of geographical reasons.
International tourism dominates in some
countries because the location of a country is
more conducive to trips outside of the country
 
 
The WTO estimates that the scale of world
domestic tourism far exceeds that of world
international tourism. In 1995...
 
World's Top Destinations
 
 
Top Tourism Destinations:
France
United States
Spain
Italy
United Kingdom
Top Tourism Receipts:
United States
France
Italy
Spain
United Kingdom
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Tourism Generators
and Expenditures
 
1.
Tourism generators- 
a category of information
on outbound and inbound tourists
 
2. 
tourism expenditures -
 amount of $ spent by
tourists for travel experiences.
 
3. 
International Tourism expenditures-
expenditures of outbound visitors in other
countries.
 
Tourism Surplus and Deficit
 
Tourism surplus- 
a condition that is achieved
when foreign visitors spend more $ in a
particular country than total spending of a
country’s own nationals when they travel
abroad.
Tourism deficit- 
a condition that occurs when
total expenditures spent in a foreign countries
from a given country exceeds the total tourism
receipts earned by foreign inbound tourists.
 
 
The Boom in international tourist arrivals around
the globe is relatively new. Statistics & projects:
 
Tourism Growth
Total International Arrivals
 
 
Tourism Growth
Top 15 Tourism Destination in
2001
 
 
Tourism Growth
Top 15 Tourism Destination in
2001
 
 
Tourism Growth
Top 15 Tourism Earners in
2001
 
 
Tourism Growth
Top 15 Tourism Earners in
2001
 
 
Tourism Growth
Top 15 Tourism Spenders in
2001
 
 
Tourism Growth
Top 15 Tourism Spenders in
2001
 
 
Tourism Growth
Average Number of Vacations
(2001)
 
 
Regional Travel Patterns &
 Trends
International Arrivals by Region
Forecast
 
(in Millions)
 
 
As a region, Europe is the world’s number one
destination.
In 1995, the region attracted two-thirds of all
international tourist arrivals.
It is also the leader in intra-regional travel: it is
estimated that 80% of the visitors to Europe are
other Europeans. 
 
Regional Travel Patterns & Trends
Europe
 
 
Leading destinations are: France, Spain, Italy
However there is a decrease in the growth rates
of foreign arrivals, attributed to saturation levels
and poor exchange rates.
As a sub
-
region within Europe, the Eastern
Mediterranean countries, such as Turkey and
Israel and central European sub-region will be in
increase of arrival growth rate. 
 
Regional Travel Patterns & Trends
Europe
 
 
The growth of travel in East Asia and the Pacific
has been particularly rapid.
From a region with arrivals totaling fewer than
100.000 in 1950, 7.2 million in 1970, 88 million
international arrivals in 1995.
The forecast shows East Asia and the Pacific
moving ahead of the Americas, ranking second
in 2010. 
 
Regional Travel Patterns & Trends
Asia and the Pacific
 
 
Top destinations include China, Hong Kong, Singapore.
Indonesia, Malaysia, Cambodia and Vietnam will continue to grow
as well.
China has the potential to be a particularly rich source of
outbound travelers, with its rapidly expanding economy.
Travel in mostly by air and sea (expensive form of travel)
Travel focus on social and cultural discoveries
Less restriction on travel among countries in the same region
Countries share some common cultural and social characteristics
 
Regional Travel Patterns & Trends
Asia and the Pacific
 
 
South Asia region has made impressive development in recent
years, starting at a smaller base.
The region is compromised of India (top destination), Sri Lanka,
Maldives (based on its beach resorts), Nepal (which offers special
interest tourism), İran, Bangladesh.
Since 1993, the regional growth rate was three times higher than
the world average.
Increase in travel due to better air transportation access and
increase international trade in the region
 
Regional Travel Patterns &
Trends
South Asia
 
 
The USA and Canada, like western Europe have
reached their peak, meaning that growth for
outbound tourism will slow.
Intra-regional tourism dominates: In 1995, 75%
of total arrivals were intra regional tourist flows.
Cuba & Mexico experienced the quickest growth
rate of all the countries of the Americas.
Cheaper modes of transportation
 
Regional Travel Patterns & Trends
Americas
 
 
The Middle East was the fastest growing region
for 1995.
Top destinations include Egypt (top destination),
Jordan, Bahrain and Lebanon.
Rapid growth was explained by a renewed
interest in cultural tourism and an increase of
political stability in the region. 
 
Regional Travel Patterns & Trends
Middle East
 
 
Africa is a problematic tourist destination:
political instability, military disturbances, health
apprehension have discouraged travelers.
One exception: South Africa enjoyed growth in
both leisure and travel business.
For the future, Africa needs improving political
stability. 
 
Regional Travel Patterns & Trends
Africa
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External Factors
 
Changing demographics
 
Mostly young travelers
 
Travel by retirees/senior citizens
 
Increase in family market travelers
undefined
 
Technological
Advances
 
Transportation
 
Internet/Computerized Reservation
System
 
Political Changes
 
China and Russia open their doors to
World Tourism
Establish demographic government
and free market economies
 
Demand for sustainable
Tourism Environment
 
Sustainable Tourism- 
the ability of a destination
to remain completive against newer, less
explored destinations; to attract first time
visitors as well as repeaters; to remain culturally
unique and be in balance with the environment
Limitation on infrastructure development
(environment protection)
Eco tourism
Creation of organizations geared toward
protection and conservation of natural
resources
 
Safety/Security and Health
 
Disease
 
Crime
 
Threat of international conflicts
 
Aviation Safety
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Understanding international and regional travel patterns and trends is crucial for the future planning and marketing of touristic destinations. This includes analyzing visitor arrivals, tourism receipts, top destinations, and the balance between domestic and international tourism. The World Tourism Organization estimates that domestic tourism levels surpass international tourism significantly. Key information on tourism generators, expenditures, surplus, and deficits provide valuable insights into the economic impact of tourism on countries worldwide.


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  1. Travel Patterns and Trends (chapter 2)

  2. Introduction International and regional travel trends such as 1. visitor arrivals 2. tourism receipts (amount of $ spent by tourists in a given country during specific time period.) 3. top destinations

  3. Introduction The understanding of trends is important as they provide an indication to what is likely to occur in the future for planning and marketing a touristic destination. External factors including: political demographic, social and technological changes will also be considered.

  4. Tourism Growth Domestic & International Tourism INTERNATIONAL vs. DOMESTIC TOURISM TRENDS Domestic tourism dominates in some countries because of geographical reasons. International tourism dominates in some countries because the location of a country is more conducive to trips outside of the country

  5. The WTO estimates that the scale of world domestic tourism far exceeds that of world international tourism. In 1995... Total domestic tourist arrivals Total international tourist arrivals 5.6 billion 567 million

  6. World's Top Destinations Top Tourism Destinations: France United States Spain Italy United Kingdom Top Tourism Receipts: United States France Italy Spain United Kingdom

  7. Tourism Generators and Expenditures 1.Tourism generators- a category of information on outbound and inbound tourists 2. tourism expenditures - amount of $ spent by tourists for travel experiences. 3. International Tourism expenditures- expenditures of outbound visitors in other countries.

  8. Tourism Surplus and Deficit Tourism surplus- a condition that is achieved when foreign visitors spend more $ in a particular country than total spending of a country s own nationals when they travel abroad. Tourism deficit- a condition that occurs when total expenditures spent in a foreign countries from a given country exceeds the total tourism receipts earned by foreign inbound tourists.

  9. Tourism Growth Total International Arrivals The Boom in international tourist arrivals around the globe is relatively new. Statistics & projects: 1950 1970 2000 2020 25 million people 160 million people 702 million people 1.600 million people

  10. Tourism Growth Top 15 Tourism Destination in 2001 Rank Destinations Number of Arrivals Share 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 France Spain United States Italy China United Kingdom 23 million people Russan Fed. Mexico 77 million people 49 million people 45 million people 41 million people 33 million people 11% 7,1% 6,6% 5,6% 4,8% 3,3% 3% 2,9% 22 million people 20 million people

  11. Tourism Growth Top 15 Tourism Destination in 2001 Rank Destinations Number of Arrivals 19 million people 18 million people 18 million people 15 million people 15 million people 13 million people 13 million people Share 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Canada Austria Germany Hungary Poland Hong Kong Greece 2,8% 2,6% 2,6% 2,2% 2,2% 2% 2%

  12. Tourism Growth Top 15 Tourism Earners in 2001 Rank Destinations Receipts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 United States Spain France Italy China United Kingdom Germany Canada $80.7 $36.7 $33.5 $29.0 $19.9 $19.0 $18.0 $19.9

  13. Tourism Growth Top 15 Tourism Earners in 2001 Rank Destinations Receipts 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 Austria Greece Australia Mexico Turkey Switzerland Singapore $15.0 $12.0 $11.0 $11.0 $9.0 $9.0 $9.0

  14. Tourism Growth Top 15 Tourism Spenders in 2001 Rank Destinations Expenditure 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 United States Germany United Kingdom 35 US$ Billion Japan France Italy China Netherland 70 US$ Billion 45 US$ Billion 30 US$ Billion 17 US$ Billion 15 US$ Billion 13 US$ Billion 12 US$ Billion

  15. Tourism Growth Top 15 Tourism Spenders in 2001 Rank Destinations Expenditure 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 Canada Belgium Austria Korea Sweeden Switzerland Taiwan 12 US$ Billion 10 US$ Billion 9 US$ Billion 7 US$ Billion 7 US$ Billion 7 US$ Billion 6 US$ Billion

  16. Tourism Growth Average Number of Vacations (2001) Italy France Germany Brazil UK Canada Korea Japan USA 42 Days 37 Days 35 Days 34 Days 28 Days 26 Days 25 Days 25 Days 13 Days

  17. Regional Travel Patterns & Trends International Arrivals by Region Forecast Region 1995 2000 2010 Annual Growth Europe 337 84 112 19 11 4 567 400 115 120 28 23 6 692 525 229 195 37 26 11 1.023 3.1% 7.6% 3.7% 4.6% 4.9% 6.7% 4.1% East Asia/Pacific Americas Africa Middle East South Asia World (in Millions)

  18. Regional Travel Patterns & Trends Europe As a region, Europe is the world s number one destination. In 1995, the region attracted two-thirds of all international tourist arrivals. It is also the leader in intra-regional travel: it is estimated that 80% of the visitors to Europe are other Europeans.

  19. Regional Travel Patterns & Trends Europe Leading destinations are: France, Spain, Italy However there is a decrease in the growth rates of foreign arrivals, attributed to saturation levels and poor exchange rates. As a sub-region within Europe, the Eastern Mediterranean countries, such as Turkey and Israel and central European sub-region will be in increase of arrival growth rate.

  20. Regional Travel Patterns & Trends Asia and the Pacific The growth of travel in East Asia and the Pacific has been particularly rapid. From a region with arrivals totaling fewer than 100.000 in 1950, 7.2 million in 1970, 88 million international arrivals in 1995. The forecast shows East Asia and the Pacific moving ahead of the Americas, ranking second in 2010.

  21. Regional Travel Patterns & Trends Asia and the Pacific Top destinations include China, Hong Kong, Singapore. Indonesia, Malaysia, Cambodia and Vietnam will continue to grow as well. China has the potential to be a particularly rich source of outbound travelers, with its rapidly expanding economy. Travel in mostly by air and sea (expensive form of travel) Travel focus on social and cultural discoveries Less restriction on travel among countries in the same region Countries share some common cultural and social characteristics

  22. Regional Travel Patterns & Trends South Asia South Asia region has made impressive development in recent years, starting at a smaller base. The region is compromised of India (top destination), Sri Lanka, Maldives (based on its beach resorts), Nepal (which offers special interest tourism), ran, Bangladesh. Since 1993, the regional growth rate was three times higher than the world average. Increase in travel due to better air transportation access and increase international trade in the region

  23. Regional Travel Patterns & Trends Americas The USA and Canada, like western Europe have reached their peak, meaning that growth for outbound tourism will slow. Intra-regional tourism dominates: In 1995, 75% of total arrivals were intra regional tourist flows. Cuba & Mexico experienced the quickest growth rate of all the countries of the Americas. Cheaper modes of transportation

  24. Regional Travel Patterns & Trends Middle East The Middle East was the fastest growing region for 1995. Top destinations include Egypt (top destination), Jordan, Bahrain and Lebanon. Rapid growth was explained by a renewed interest in cultural tourism and an increase of political stability in the region.

  25. Regional Travel Patterns & Trends Africa Africa is a problematic tourist destination: political instability, military disturbances, health apprehension have discouraged travelers. One exception: South Africa enjoyed growth in both leisure and travel business. For the future, Africa needs improving political stability.

  26. External Factors Changing demographics Mostly young travelers Travel by retirees/senior citizens Increase in family market travelers

  27. Technological Advances Transportation Internet/Computerized Reservation System

  28. Political Changes China and Russia open their doors to World Tourism Establish demographic government and free market economies

  29. Demand for sustainable Tourism Environment Sustainable Tourism- the ability of a destination to remain completive against newer, less explored destinations; to attract first time visitors as well as repeaters; to remain culturally unique and be in balance with the environment Limitation on infrastructure development (environment protection) Eco tourism Creation of organizations geared toward protection and conservation of natural resources

  30. Safety/Security and Health Disease Crime Threat of international conflicts Aviation Safety

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