ALMA Correlator System Overview
ALMA Correlator System Overview detailing the specifications including number of antennas, base band outputs, bandwidth per antenna, polarization capabilities, data output rates, sub-array options, and more. The system block diagram provides a visual representation of the correlator station electronics, digitizers, optical components, real-time computer interface, and correlator matrix.
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ALMA Correlator System Overview rescoffi@nrao.edu, Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope Very Long Baseline Array
CDL ALMA Correlator Specifications 64 Antennas 8 Base Band outputs per antenna 4 spectral windows + 2 polarizations Maximum bandwidth per antenna 16 GHz 3-bit samples, 2-bits correlated (3-bit and 4-bit correlated modes as well as twice Nyquist are possible) 1024 leads and 1024 lags per baseline (256 per quadrant) at 2 GHz BW for time division modes 32K leads and 32K lags per baseline for frequency division modes 1 millisecond delay adjustment range, 250 picosecond delay resolution Full polarization capability (HH HV VH VV) plus autocorrelations Digital filter for bandwidth selection below 2 GHz Minimum accumulation time, 16 millisecond cross, 1 auto 1 Gbyte/sec total output data rate capacity Up to 6 sub-arrays Binning capability for side-band separation Multi-resolution modes possible Phased array outputs 2
SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM CDL ONE BASEBAND POLARIZATION PAIR AT ANTENNA CORRELATOR STATION ELECTRONICS 4 GHz DIGITIZER POL 1 FIR FILTER CARD FIBER FIBER 1 PCB OPTIC MUX, OPTIC RECEIVER, DEMUX 32-PARALLEL OUTPUTS X 2-BITS PER SAMPLE X 2-POLARIZATIONS STATION CARD 12:1 OPTICAL COMBINER 1:12 OPTICAL SPLITTER TRANSMITTER 4 GHz DIGITIZER POL 2 FIR FILTER CARD 1 PCB? 1 PCB FIBER OPTIC 4 GHz DIGITIZER FIR FILTER CARD CROSS BAR SWITCH FIBER FIBER OPTIC OPTIC STATION CARD MUX, TRANSMITTER RECEIVER, DEMUX 4 GHz DIGITIZER FIR FILTER CARD 1 MSEC DATA AT 125 MHz 4 GHz DIGITIZER 1 MSEC DATA AT 4 GHz FIR FILTER CARD FIBER OPTIC FIBER OPTIC RECEIVER, STATION CARD MUX, TRANSMITTER 1 MSEC DATA AT 125 MHz DEMUX 4 GHz DIGITIZER FIR FILTER CARD 4 GHz DIGITIZER FIR FILTER CARD FIBER FIBER OPTIC OPTIC STATION CARD MUX, TRANSMITTER RECEIVER, DEMUX 4 GHz DIGITIZER FIR FILTER CARD DIGITIZES ANALOG SIGNALS THREE OPTIC CARRIERS THREE OPTIC CARRIERS THREE 4X4 SWITCHES FINE DELAY AND SELECTS BANDWIDTH BULK DELAY, RE-ORDERS AND PACKETIZES SAMPLES CORRELATOR BASELINE ELECTRONICS CORRELATOR ARRAY (ONE OF 4 IN SYSTEM SHOWN) 32-PARALLEL OUTPUTS X 2-BITS PER SAMPLE X 2-POLARIZATIONS ANTENNA 63 63 LTA LTA ADDER TREE INTRA-QUADRANT RESULTS CROSS BAR AND REAL TIME COMPUTER INTERFACE REAL TIME COMPUTER SYSTEM PLANE 31 PLANE 2 CORRELATOR MATRIX HORIZONTAL DRIVE TO PLANE 1 PLANE 0 32-PARALLEL OUTPUTS X 2-BITS PER SAMPLE X 2-POLARIZATIONS ANTENNA 0 4 PCB 0 63 0 VERTICAL DRIVE TO CORRELATOR MATRIX 3
CDL Station Electronics ONE BASEBAND POLARIZATION PAIR CORRELATOR STATION ELECTRONICS TFB CARD 32-PARALLEL OUTPUTS X 2-BITS PER SAMPLE X 2-POLARIZATIONS DRX STATION CARD TFB CARD TFB CARD DRX STATION CARD TFB CARD 1 MSEC DATA AT 125 MHz 1 MSEC DATA AT 4 GHz TFB CARD DRX STATION CARD 1 MSEC DATA AT 125 MHz TFB CARD TFB CARD DRX STATION CARD TFB CARD COARSE DELAY AND SELECT BANDWIDTH BULK DELAY, RE-ORDERS AND PACKETIZES SAMPLES THREE OPTIC CARRIERS 4
Time Division Mode CDL GENERATE 32 TIME PACKETS 1 mSEC IN DURATION DATA RATE 4 GHz DATA RATE 32 TIMES 125 MHz TIME SLICE 1 CORRELATOR PLANE 0 TFB CARD STATION CARD TIME SLICE 2 CORRELATOR PLANE 1 TIME SLICE 3 CORRELATOR PLANE 2 TIME SLICE 4 CORRELATOR PLANE 3 ADD TOGETHER TIME SLICE 5 CORRELATOR PLANE 4 TIME SLICE 6 CORRELATOR PLANE 5 DOT DOT DOT TIME SLICE 31 CORRELATOR PLANE 30 TIME SLICE 32 CORRELATOR PLANE 31 1 MSEC DATA AT 125 MHz STATION CARD 1 MSEC DATA AT 4 GHz 1 PCB 1 MSEC DATA AT 125 MHz 5
Frequency Division Mode CDL FREQ SLICE 1 CORRELATOR PLANE 0 TFB CARD STATION CARD FREQ SLICE 2 CORRELATOR PLANE 1 32 1/32 BAND DIGITAL FILTERS FREQ SLICE 3 CORRELATOR PLANE 2 FREQ SLICE 4 CORRELATOR PLANE 3 FREQ SLICE 5 CORRELATOR PLANE 4 FREQ SLICE 6 CORRELATOR PLANE 5 DOT DOT DOT FREQ SLICE 31 CORRELATOR PLANE 30 FREQ SLICE 32 CORRELATOR PLANE 31 2-GHz ANALOG FILTER 32 62.5 MHz DIGITAL FILTERS 6
FDM Frequency, Resolution Agility CDL 2-GHz ANALOG FILTER 32 62.5 MHz DIGITAL FILTERS ACTIVE FREQUENCY SPACE SECTRAL POINT SPACE 4 62.5 MHz DIGITAL FILTERS ACTIVE SECTRAL POINT SPACE 4 62.5 MHz DIGITAL FILTERS ACTIVE MULTI-RESOLUTION SECTRAL POINT SPACE 7
CDL Filter Programmability Tunable Filters 2 GHz bandwidth, All 32 active 1 GHz bandwidth, 16 active 500 MHz bandwidth, 8 active 250 MHz bandwidth, 4 active 125 MHz bandwidth, 2 active 62.5 MHz bandwidth, 1 active 31.25 MHz bandwidth, 1 active Programmable parameters Center frequency of each filter (once per scan) Output quantization (once per scan) Coarse delay (update during scan) Fine LO setting (update during scan) Monitor parameters Sample statistics (before scan) Output total power (at filter set-up) More on Rich s presentation 8
CDL Station Card Programmability Bulk delay (once per scan) Mode (once per scan) TDM or FDM For TDM; one band, 2 band, 4 band For FDM; number of active filters, 1, 2, 4 bands For sub-arrays (once per scan) Mode for station cards assigned to sub-array 1 Mode for station cards assigned to sub-array 2 Mode for station cards assigned to sub-array 3? Mode for station cards assigned to sub-array 4? More on Rich s presentation 9
CDL Baseline Electronics 32-PARALLEL OUTPUTS X 2-BITS PER SAMPLE X 2-POLARIZATIONS ANTENNA 63 63 LTA PLANE 31 CORRELATOR MATRIX HORIZONTAL DRIVE TO PLANE 2 PLANE 1 PLANE 0 32-PARALLEL OUTPUTS X 2-BITS PER SAMPLE X 2-POLARIZATIONS 4 PCB 0 63 0 ANTENNA 0 VERTICAL DRIVE TO CORRELATOR MATRIX 10
CDL Correlator Plane 64 LAGS CARD 3 CARD 2 CORRELATOR MATRIX HORIZONTAL DRIVE TO LEADS CARD 1 CARD 0 1 64 1 VERTICAL DRIVE TO CORRELATOR MATRIX 11
Sub-Arrays CDL ANT 56 - 63 ALMA2 ANT 8 - 15 ANT 0 - 7 56-63 48-55 40-47 32-39 24-31 16-23 8-15 0-7 64 INPUT ANTENNAS 12
Sub-Arrays (how the real world works, of course) CDL ANT 56 - 63 ALMA2 ANT 8 - 15 ANT 0 - 7 56-63 48-55 40-47 32-39 24-31 16-23 8-15 0-7 64 INPUT ANTENNAS 13
CDL Station Bin ONE DRX CARD TWO TFB CARDS ONE STATION CARD ONE DRX CARD TWO TFB CARDS ONE STATION CARD ONE DRX CARD TWO TFB CARDS ONE STATION CARD ONE DRX CARD TWO TFB CARDS ONE STATION CARD STATION CONTROL CARD HANDLES ONE ANTENNA X TWO POLARIZATIONS HANDLES ONE ANTENNA X TWO POLARIZATIONS HANDLES ONE ANTENNA X TWO POLARIZATIONS HANDLES ONE ANTENNA X TWO POLARIZATIONS CAN BUS 14
Station Rack CDL ONE DRX CARD TWO TFB CARDS ONE STATION CARD ONE DRX CARD TWO TFB CARDS ONE STATION CARD ONE DRX CARD TWO TFB CARDS ONE STATION CARD ONE DRX CARD TWO TFB CARDS ONE STATION CARD STATION CONTROL CARD HANDLES ONE ANTENNA X TWO POLARIZATIONS HANDLES ONE ANTENNA X TWO POLARIZATIONS HANDLES ONE ANTENNA X TWO POLARIZATIONS HANDLES ONE ANTENNA X TWO POLARIZATIONS ONE DRX CARD TWO TFB CARDS ONE STATION CARD ONE DRX CARD TWO TFB CARDS ONE STATION CARD ONE DRX CARD TWO TFB CARDS ONE STATION CARD ONE DRX CARD TWO TFB CARDS ONE STATION CARD STATION CONTROL CARD HANDLES ONE ANTENNA X TWO POLARIZATIONS HANDLES ONE ANTENNA X TWO POLARIZATIONS HANDLES ONE ANTENNA X TWO POLARIZATIONS HANDLES ONE ANTENNA X TWO POLARIZATIONS ONE DRX CARD TWO TFB CARDS ONE STATION CARD ONE DRX CARD TWO TFB CARDS ONE STATION CARD ONE DRX CARD TWO TFB CARDS ONE STATION CARD ONE DRX CARD TWO TFB CARDS ONE STATION CARD STATION CONTROL CARD HANDLES ONE ANTENNA X TWO POLARIZATIONS HANDLES ONE ANTENNA X TWO POLARIZATIONS HANDLES ONE ANTENNA X TWO POLARIZATIONS HANDLES ONE ANTENNA X TWO POLARIZATIONS ONE DRX CARD TWO TFB CARDS ONE STATION CARD ONE DRX CARD TWO TFB CARDS ONE STATION CARD ONE DRX CARD TWO TFB CARDS ONE STATION CARD ONE DRX CARD TWO TFB CARDS ONE STATION CARD STATION CONTROL CARD HANDLES ONE ANTENNA X TWO POLARIZATIONS HANDLES ONE ANTENNA X TWO POLARIZATIONS HANDLES ONE ANTENNA X TWO POLARIZATIONS HANDLES ONE ANTENNA X TWO POLARIZATIONS 15
CDL Correlator Bin CORRELATOR CONTROL CARD/LTA 4 CORRELATOR CARDS 4 CORRELATOR CARDS PROVIDES ONE 64-ANTENNA X 64-ANTENNA CORRELATOR ARRAY PROVIDES ONE 64-ANTENNA X 64-ANTENNA CORRELATOR ARRAY CAN BUS 16
Correlator Rack CDL CORRELATOR CONTROL CARD 4 CORRELATOR CARDS 4 CORRELATOR CARDS PROVIDES ONE 64-ANTENNA X 64-ANTENNA CORRELATOR ARRAY PROVIDES ONE 64-ANTENNA X 64-ANTENNA CORRELATOR ARRAY CORRELATOR CONTROL CARD 4 CORRELATOR CARDS 4 CORRELATOR CARDS PROVIDES ONE 64-ANTENNA X 64-ANTENNA CORRELATOR ARRAY PROVIDES ONE 64-ANTENNA X 64-ANTENNA CORRELATOR ARRAY CORRELATOR CONTROL CARD 4 CORRELATOR CARDS 4 CORRELATOR CARDS PROVIDES ONE 64-ANTENNA X 64-ANTENNA CORRELATOR ARRAY PROVIDES ONE 64-ANTENNA X 64-ANTENNA CORRELATOR ARRAY CORRELATOR CONTROL CARD 4 CORRELATOR CARDS 4 CORRELATOR CARDS PROVIDES ONE 64-ANTENNA X 64-ANTENNA CORRELATOR ARRAY PROVIDES ONE 64-ANTENNA X 64-ANTENNA CORRELATOR ARRAY 17
CDL One Quadrant CORRELATOR CONTROL CARD CORRELATOR CONTROL CARD CORRELATOR CONTROL CARD CORRELATOR CONTROL CARD STATION CONTROL CARD STATION CONTROL CARD STATION CONTROL CARD STATION CONTROL CARD STATION CONTROL CARD STATION CONTROL CARD CORRELATOR CONTROL CARD CORRELATOR CONTROL CARD CORRELATOR CONTROL CARD CORRELATOR CONTROL CARD STATION CONTROL CARD STATION CONTROL CARD STATION CONTROL CARD STATION CONTROL CARD CORRELATOR CONTROL CARD CORRELATOR CONTROL CARD CORRELATOR CONTROL CARD CORRELATOR CONTROL CARD STATION CONTROL CARD STATION CONTROL CARD CORRELATOR CONTROL CARD CORRELATOR CONTROL CARD CORRELATOR CONTROL CARD CORRELATOR CONTROL CARD STATION CONTROL CARD STATION CONTROL CARD STATION CONTROL CARD STATION CONTROL CARD 18
Control Cards CDL Station Control Card (SCC) Programs TFB and Station cards Correlator Control Card (CCC) (also functions as LTA) Programs Correlator cards Final Adder (FA) Not a control card but has microprocessor and CAN bus interface Resides (two per quadrant) in a correlator bin Quadrant Control Card (QCC) (has separate CAN bus) Monitors quadrant voltage, current, and temperatures, powers down quadrant if danger is found Provide the path for turning on and off the Correlator. distribution point for the RS232 busses from the PC and VME computers. Provide a global Boot and Reset capability to the control cards on the multidrop bus. Resides in a correlator bin Power Control Card (PCC) Various power control functions Resides in a correlator bin 19
CDL Self Test Capability ALMA CORRELATOR LOGIC CARD INPUT FPGA MIDDLE STUFF OUTPUT FPGA N M OUTPUT INPUT D Q D Q MUX MUX RDG DQA RDG DQA TO MICROPROCESSOR PORT TO MICROPROCESSOR PORT 20
CDL DTS Simulator Card Versatile test fixture for system testing A circuit card that replaced a DRX card in the system for off-line hardware or software testing Simulates realistic antenna signals with precisely controllable spectral features Simulates antenna signals with realistic polarization properties Controllable correlation coefficients between two DTS Simulator cards 21
CDL Engineering Port Separate SR-485 bus that parallels the CAN bus Provides most of the control afforded by the CAN bus Firmware in place to conduct many types of tests Formatter CRT screens for easy interpretation of test results Engineering port software in place to duplicate many CCC operations Can extract correlation function from several points in the system instrumental for validating many correlator features while the software was not ready Very useful for engineering testing and trouble shooting Easily changeable/expandable firmware 22
