Study on Children of Parents Incarcerated in Alameda County Jails
Study conducted in Alameda County reveals insights on parents' demographics, race/ethnicity distribution, total times incarcerated, parent-child information, and child demographics. Findings include participant demographics, custody information, and the impact of parental incarceration on children and families.
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Children of Parents Incarcerated in Alameda County Jails KATIE KRAMER, MSW/MPH THE BRIDGING GROUP
Alameda County Overview o 2,007 people offered surveys o 1,134 people completed surveys 57% completion rate opt in process o Jail Distribution 88% from Santa Rita 12% from Glenn Dyer o Language of Survey Distribution 95% conducted in English 5% in Spanish
Parent Participant Demographics (N=878)
Participant Demographics Participant Demographics 878 of participants (77%) were parents or primary caregivers for child(ren) 25 years Average # children was 2 (range: 1-10+) Among parents / primary caregivers: Average age was 31 years (range: 18-66) Gender 90% male 9% female 1% trans-male/female Language(s) Spoken 93% English 17% Spanish 0.6% Mandarin or Cantonese 6% Other language
Race / Ethnicity Race / Ethnicity Asian or Pacific Islander, 5% Latino, 22% White, 11% Mixed / Other, 10% American Indian or Alaska Native, 1% Black, 51%
Total Times Incarcerated Total Times Incarcerated Since Becoming a Parent Since Becoming a Parent 50% 40% 40% 29% 30% 17% 20% 13% 10% 0% 1 time 2-5 times 6-10 times 11+ times 43% reported their own parents have been incarcerated
Parent/Child Information Parent/Child Information Male Participant Female Participant 80% 66%* 64% 57% 60% 54%* 40% 29%* 25%* 20% 9%* 9%* 5% 3% 0% Have any custody of 1 child? Living with 1 child before arrest? 1 child involved in CPS? 1 child involved in justice system? 1 child's other parent in custody? *p<0.05 comparing male and female participants
Child Demographics (N= 1,781)
Child Demographics Child Demographics 1,781 Total # Children 25 years Average age was 8 years (range: 0-25) Gender o51% Male o49% Female Primary Language 92% English 7% Spanish 0.1% Mandarin or Cantonese 2% Other language
Race / Ethnicity of Children Race / Ethnicity of Children Asian or Pacific Islander, 4% Latino, 20% White, 10% Black, 45% Mixed / Other, 21% American Indian or Alaska Native, 1%
County Child Lives In County Child Lives In Bay Area, 74% Alameda County, 53% (same county as participant) Outside the U.S., 2% Contra Costa County, 8% San Francisco County, 6% Non-CA State in U.S., 8% Non-Bay Area CA County, 16% (San Joaquin, 5%) Other Bay Area County, 8%
Person Child Lives With* Person Child Lives With* Male Participant Female Participant 85% Other Parent 36% 7% Grandparent 23% 1% Sibling 10% 2% Other relatives 13% 3% Self 8% 1% CPS/Foster 2% 0.6% Non-relative 3% 0.1% Adopted 5% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% *p<0.05 comparing male and female participants
Child Demographics Child Demographics Male Participant Female Participant 70% 60%* 57%* 60% 46%* 50% 45%* 40% 26%* 30% 24%* 20% 7%* 7%* 10% 0% Participant has any custody? Living with participant before arrest? Involved in CPS? Other parent in custody? *p<0.05 comparing male and female participants
Childs Experience (N= 878)
Childs Experience Child s Experience Male Participant Female Participant 80% 69%* 60% 49%* 38%* 40% 28%* 19% 16% 20% 0% Any children present when arrested? Living with child's other parent when arrested? Family ever lost income because went to jail? *p<0.05 comparing male and female participants
Child Change Where Live? Child Change Where Live? Male Participant Female Participant 75% 55% 54% 50% 43% 41% 25% 4% 4% 1% 0% 0% 1 time 2-5 times 6-10 times 11+ times 28% of participants have children that had to change where they live because parent went to jail
Child Change Schools? Child Change Schools? Male Participant Female Participant 100% 75% 75% 58% 50% 37% 25% 13% 13% 4% 1% 0% 0% 1 time 2-5 times 6-10 times 11+ times 17% of participants have children that had to change schools because parent went to jail
Contact with Children (N=878)
Contact With Any Child? Contact With Any Child? Male Participant Female Participant 100% 86% 82% 75% 63% 60% 47% 50% 35% 25% 2% 2% 0% Phone calls Letters Visits Other 73% of participants have contact with at least 1 child right now (74% for males, 69% for females)
Barriers to Having Contact Barriers to Having Contact Male Participant Female Participant 60% 49% 50% 39%* 40% 34% 34%* 30% 21% 20%* 18%* 20% 14% 10% 0% Phone calls too expensive Costs too much to visit Caregiver won t allow contact Not good for child to have contact with me in jail *p<0.05 comparing male and female participants
Barriers to Having Contact (Cont.) Barriers to Having Contact (Cont.) Male Participant Female Participant 60% 50% 40% 29%* 30% 18% 17% 20% 14% 11% 11%* 10% 6% 5% 0% No money for stamps Don t know where child lives Child in foster care Other *p<0.05 comparing male and female participants
Visits With Any Child at Jail? Visits With Any Child at Jail? Male Participant Female Participant 94% 100% 92% 80% 60% 40% 20% 8% 8% 1% 0% 0% Contact Non-contact (in person) Video visiting 35% of participants have visits with at least 1 child at the jail (37%* for males, 19%* for females) *p<0.05 comparing male and female participants
How to Support Visits? How to Support Visits? 80% 65% 60% 40% 23% 20% 5% 5% 3% 2% 0% Want contact Extend visiting hours Help with transportation Easier to get & set-up visits Improve visiting environment Other
Reconnecting After Release Reconnecting After Release Concerns About Reconnecting After Release 80% 62% 60% 40% 26% 20% 7% 7% 7% 3% 0% Don t have resources to reconnect Don t know where child is living Have parole/ probation that prevent contact with child Geographic limitations CPS Don t know / No concerns involvement doesn t allow contact with child 96% of participants planned to reconnect with at least 1 child after their release
Additional Support for Child? Additional Support for Child? 60% 56% 48% 50% 42% 40% 35% 35% 30% 20% 10% 0% Positive family activities Recreational activities Support for basic life needs Counseling / therapy Homework / tutoring
Additional Support? (Cont.) Additional Support? (Cont.) 60% 50% 40% 30% 26% 20% 15% 12% 12% 11% 10% 0% Youth mentoring Mediation with child s caregiver Restorative justice work Help locating child Other
