The Evolution of Vocational Training in Baking Industry

 
The importance of a simple system
 
David Harbourne
Edge Foundation
 
Where I came in:
 
“College lecturers
haven’t worked in a
real bakehouse for
years. Everything they
teach is old-fashioned.
Who leaves dough to
prove overnight in a
wooden trough these
days? Yet they still
teach it in college!”
 
What bakers do
 
Check deliveries of raw ingredients
Work safely and hygienically, alone and with
other team members
Weigh and mix ingredients
Divide, mould, prove, bake and finish a wide
variety of products
 
Which became:
 
National Occupational Standards
National Vocational Qualifications
Performance criteria
Range statements
Units and elements
Underpinning knowledge
Assessor
Verifier
Modern Apprenticeships and National
Traineeships
 
 
Modern Apprenticeships
 
Level 3
Originally conceived as an
alternative to A levels
Skilled craft worker
Able to work with minimal
supervision
Might supervise others
 
National Traineeships
 
Level 2
Replacement for Youth
Training
Semi-skilled worker
Usually working under
supervision
Key skills –
communication
application of number
information technology
 
Which became:
 
Advanced Level Apprenticeships
Intermediate Level Apprenticeships
Plus:
Entry to Employment (for a while)
Train to Gain (for a while)
Adult Apprenticeships
Higher and Degree Apprenticeships
Traineeships
 
Too complicated?
 
Hundreds of pathways
Multiple levels
Thousands of qualifications
Complex frameworks
Complex funding regime
Competition among providers
 
Every university degree consists of a set of
courses and modules which vary by subject and
institution …
 
… but hardly anyone asks about them!
 
“What are you studying at university?”
 
“Mechanical engineering.”
“What will you be when you finish?”
 
“A mechanical engineer.”
 
What matters is not the qualification
you get, but the person you become
 
So: hide the wiring!
 
Richard Review
 
Getting a group of employers to write a short
standard is easy.
Getting other employers to support it is hard.
And a standard that fits two sides of A4 is only
the start …
 
Characteristics of a simple system
 
1.
A finite number of (broad) standards
2.
Social partnership, supported by core funding
3.
Stability
4.
Consistent branding and marketing
5.
Clear career routes (+ careers information,
advice and guidance)
6.
Advice and brokerage for employers
7.
Targeted subsidies
 
Switzerland
 
Apprenticeships do not train people for a
narrowly-defined job in a specific factory; they
lay the foundations for a career and progression
to higher level qualifications.
 
New Zealand
 
A handful of Industry Training Organisations set
standards, provide advice and broker support.
 
Scotland
 
Slow, steady development of Apprenticeships
builds confidence and trust, supported by a
seven-year
 Youth Employment Strategy and
clear pathways:
school → apprenticeships → jobs → further
learning → careers → HE → career
development
 
England
 
Standards?
Institute for Apprenticeships?
Sainsbury?
Funding?
 
“What are you doing these days?”
“I’m an apprentice aircraft fitter.”
“What will you be when you’ve finished?”
“An aircraft fitter, obviously!”
“And after that?”
“I’ll probably take a degree. I want to be head of
aircraft maintenance for a major airline.”
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This content highlights the evolution of vocational training in the baking industry, transitioning from traditional methods to modern apprenticeships and qualifications. It discusses the shift towards National Occupational Standards, National Vocational Qualifications, and the development of Advanced Level Apprenticeships. The complexities and multiple pathways in the training system are also addressed, culminating in a reflection on the structured courses in university degrees.


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  1. The importance of a simple system David Harbourne Edge Foundation

  2. Where I came in: College lecturers haven t worked in a real bakehouse for years. Everything they teach is old-fashioned. Who leaves dough to prove overnight in a wooden trough these days? Yet they still teach it in college!

  3. What bakers do Check deliveries of raw ingredients Work safely and hygienically, alone and with other team members Weigh and mix ingredients Divide, mould, prove, bake and finish a wide variety of products

  4. Which became: National Occupational Standards National Vocational Qualifications Performance criteria Range statements Units and elements Underpinning knowledge Assessor Verifier Modern Apprenticeships and National Traineeships

  5. Modern Apprenticeships Level 3 Originally conceived as an alternative to A levels Skilled craft worker Able to work with minimal supervision Might supervise others National Traineeships Level 2 Replacement for Youth Training Semi-skilled worker Usually working under supervision Key skills communication application of number information technology

  6. Which became: Advanced Level Apprenticeships Intermediate Level Apprenticeships Plus: Entry to Employment (for a while) Train to Gain (for a while) Adult Apprenticeships Higher and Degree Apprenticeships Traineeships

  7. Too complicated? Hundreds of pathways Multiple levels Thousands of qualifications Complex frameworks Complex funding regime Competition among providers

  8. Every university degree consists of a set of courses and modules which vary by subject and institution but hardly anyone asks about them!

  9. What are you studying at university? Mechanical engineering. What will you be when you finish? A mechanical engineer.

  10. What matters is not the qualification you get, but the person you become

  11. So: hide the wiring!

  12. Richard Review Getting a group of employers to write a short standard is easy. Getting other employers to support it is hard. And a standard that fits two sides of A4 is only the start

  13. Characteristics of a simple system 1. A finite number of (broad) standards 2. Social partnership, supported by core funding 3. Stability 4. Consistent branding and marketing 5. Clear career routes (+ careers information, advice and guidance) 6. Advice and brokerage for employers 7. Targeted subsidies

  14. Switzerland Apprenticeships do not train people for a narrowly-defined job in a specific factory; they lay the foundations for a career and progression to higher level qualifications.

  15. New Zealand A handful of Industry Training Organisations set standards, provide advice and broker support.

  16. Scotland Slow, steady development of Apprenticeships builds confidence and trust, supported by a seven-year Youth Employment Strategy and clear pathways: school apprenticeships jobs further learning careers HE career development

  17. England Standards? Institute for Apprenticeships? Sainsbury? Funding?

  18. What are you doing these days? I m an apprentice aircraft fitter. What will you be when you ve finished? An aircraft fitter, obviously! And after that? I ll probably take a degree. I want to be head of aircraft maintenance for a major airline.

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