Rhetoric: Aristotle's Three Means of Persuasion
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So, we should begin by asking the
question: “What is rhetoric?”
As defined by Aristotle, is the use of “any
available means to achieve persuasion”
In other words, making use of what you
know and what is at your disposal to
persuade an audience.
This leads to another question…
It can be given as “the action or fact of
persuading someone or of being
persuaded to do or believe something.”
So, it means conveying information in a
way that has the person at a point where
they hear (or see) something you want
them to believe and do believe/trust you.
Aristotle noted that there are THREE
primary means of persuading someone
Logos
Pathos
Ethos
These Greek terms roughly break down as
follows (for our purposes)
Logos – this is persuasion via logic, reasons,
and evidence
Pathos – this is an appeal to one’s emotions
and feelings
Ethos – this is the appeal (to your audience)
of how much they trust what you have to say
or your authority to comment on a matter
Looking now at Ch.5 of our text, it states that
“All writing has a purpose” (55).
It can be used in many different ways, to
explore one’s self, communicate to others,
entertain, keep a record, and/or persuade
(55).
The fact is, there are often several of these
“purposes” being applied at any given time,
not simply one of them.
Always ask yourself what the primary
purpose of what it is you are writing.
If its an assignment, ask yourself what the
primary purpose aims to achieve and
which course you think will work best to
achieve the aim of that assignment.
Ch. 6 of our text addresses the next
element in taking a rhetorical stance –
audience.
What this means is: “who will read (or
hear) what you are writing? “ (57).
Our text points out a simple text from
your own mother:
“Pls. take chicken out to thaw and feed
Annye. Remember Dr. Wong at 4.”
Simple right? Three tasks: thaw chicken,
feed Annye, and go to doctor at 4
This is in fact more complex than it appears.
There is compressed information here that
only makes sense because it is
communicated by the mother to her
son/daughter.
If you didn’t know it was a text message,
from a parent, you may read that with
complete confusion.
What you choose to communicate and
how is important to who is reading it.
Would you send an email to someone
who is grieving over a death when you
could call?
Would you use a text filled with IM
language and send it to your grand
parents?
Taking into account who your audience is or
might be is important to choices we make in
writing.
It’s not always the teacher.
A skill that you will find invaluable is the
ability to identify and properly address the
audience before you and recognize the
changes in method and what is accepted for
that audience.
If I’d told you that your writing
assignment on Monday was for a 100 pt.
grade and I was going to check it for
grammar, clarity, etc., and you had till the
end of the week, would you have turned it
in on a loose piece of paper as you were
walking out that day?
Moving ahead to Ch. 8, let’s talk about
“Stance”
This is the attitude or position you take
when you are writing about an issue.
Take Miley Cyrus, how did you feel about
her actions at last year’s VMAs – that was
your stance – after reading the article
When you read a work or something written
by others, it is important that one be able to
recognize there stance on an issue.
We sometimes call this bias.
Knowing this, how does it affect your
impression of what they are saying?
If a reader uncovers your “stance” on
something, how will it affect their
impression?
Rhetoric, as Aristotle defined it, is the art of persuasion through available means. This involves utilizing logos (logic), pathos (emotions), and ethos (trustworthiness) to influence an audience. Writing serves various purposes like self-exploration, communication, entertainment, record-keeping, or persuasion, often blending multiple aims simultaneously. By identifying the primary purpose of writing and considering the intended audience, one can effectively adopt a rhetorical stance.
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Presentation Transcript
So, we should begin by asking the question: What is rhetoric?
As defined by Aristotle, is the use of any available means to achieve persuasion In other words, making use of what you know and what is at your disposal to persuade an audience. This leads to another question
It can be given as the action or fact of persuading someone or of being persuaded to do or believe something. So, it means conveying information in a way that has the person at a point where they hear (or see) something you want them to believe and do believe/trust you.
Aristotle noted that there are THREE primary means of persuading someone Logos Pathos Ethos
These Greek terms roughly break down as follows (for our purposes) Logos this is persuasion via logic, reasons, and evidence Pathos this is an appeal to one s emotions and feelings Ethos this is the appeal (to your audience) of how much they trust what you have to say or your authority to comment on a matter
Looking now at Ch.5 of our text, it states that All writing has a purpose (55). It can be used in many different ways, to explore one s self, communicate to others, entertain, keep a record, and/or persuade (55). The fact is, there are often several of these purposes being applied at any given time, not simply one of them.
Always ask yourself what the primary purpose of what it is you are writing. If its an assignment, ask yourself what the primary purpose aims to achieve and which course you think will work best to achieve the aim of that assignment.
Ch. 6 of our text addresses the next element in taking a rhetorical stance audience. What this means is: who will read (or hear) what you are writing? (57).
Our text points out a simple text from your own mother: Pls. take chicken out to thaw and feed Annye. Remember Dr. Wong at 4. Simple right? Three tasks: thaw chicken, feed Annye, and go to doctor at 4
This is in fact more complex than it appears. There is compressed information here that only makes sense because it is communicated by the mother to her son/daughter. If you didn t know it was a text message, from a parent, you may read that with complete confusion.
What you choose to communicate and how is important to who is reading it. Would you send an email to someone who is grieving over a death when you could call? Would you use a text filled with IM language and send it to your grand parents?
Taking into account who your audience is or might be is important to choices we make in writing. It s not always the teacher. A skill that you will find invaluable is the ability to identify and properly address the audience before you and recognize the changes in method and what is accepted for that audience.
If Id told you that your writing assignment on Monday was for a 100 pt. grade and I was going to check it for grammar, clarity, etc., and you had till the end of the week, would you have turned it in on a loose piece of paper as you were walking out that day?
Moving ahead to Ch. 8, lets talk about Stance This is the attitude or position you take when you are writing about an issue. Take Miley Cyrus, how did you feel about her actions at last year s VMAs that was your stance after reading the article
When you read a work or something written by others, it is important that one be able to recognize there stance on an issue. We sometimes call this bias. Knowing this, how does it affect your impression of what they are saying? If a reader uncovers your stance on something, how will it affect their impression?
