Mastering Rhetorical Devices for Persuasion
RHETORICAL DEVICES
FOR PERSUASION
WHAT IS
RHETORIC
?
•
The art of effective expression (speaking & writing) and the
persuasive use of language
•
We study rhetoric because:
•
It helps us to better appreciate appeals to our ethos,
pathos, & logos
•
It helps us to become more effective persuasive speakers
and writers
THINK ABOUT IT…
•
In what ways do writers use persuasion? (1 minute)
•
List three ways in your notes then share with your
group (2 minutes)
EXAMPLES:
•
Formal word choice leads readers/listeners to believe something is
ethically or legally important
•
Emotional word choice (sometimes called “sensationalism”) leads
readers/listeners to recognize that ideas expressed are important to
the writer/speaker
•
Allusion can associate a new idea to a traditionally respected source
•
For example: If a teacher was trying to persuade students to do well
on their AP exams, he or she might state, “The score you receive on
your exam will determine the college you are admitted to or the
scholarship money you will receive.”
ETHOS, PATHOS, AND LOGOS
•
Greek philosopher, Aristotle, argued that there are three basic ways to
persuade an audience that you are right.
•
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9L_G82HH9Tg
ETHOS
•
Persuasive appeal of one’s character. Tells us that the author is
reliable and competent.
•
Example: For most politicians, ethos has already been established
before a debate or campaign (i.e. “When I was the governor of
Arizona, I passed a bill that stated…” or “My record shows that…”)
PATHOS
•
Appeal to emotion (of course, meant to evoke emotional response)
•
This is the bread and butter to a politician and can be used to sway
an audience quickly with personal stories.
LOGOS
•
Appeal to reason (evokes a rational response) that may also utilize
facts and statistics
•
It is often used to set a specific tone or bring legitimacy to an already
established pathos.
•
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wc1TrKIzAJM
ADDITIONAL FORMS OF RHETORICAL
DEVICES FOR PERSUASION
•
Alliteration
•
Occurs when a series of words
in a row (or close to a row)
have the same first consonant
sound.
•
Example: "This generation
of soldiers, sailors, airmen,
Marines, and Coast
Guardsmen have
volunteered in the time of
certain danger. They are
part of the
f
inest
f
ighting
f
orce that the world has
ever known.” Barack
Obama Fort Hood
Memorial Speech
•
Repetition/
Parallel Structure
•
The repetition or restatement of
an idea not only promotes
clarity, but encourages the
acceptance of an idea. Thus,
other competing ideas seem
inferior and are sometimes
driven completely from of the
audience's mind.
•
Example: “…serve together
and fight together and bleed
together.”
ADDITIONAL FORMS OF RHETORICAL
DEVICES CONTINUED
Metaphor
•
The use of metaphors can
often lure someone to your
side as it illustrates strength
or weakness
•
Example: Obama
describes a light military
strike as being a
pinprick
and stated that, “Let me
make something clear:
The United States military
doesn’t do
pinpricks
.”
Rhetorical Question
•
A question that does not expect an
answer. The speaker is implying that
the answer is too obvious to require a
reply or merely as a way of making a
point.
•
Example: “
Can we agree that this will
not happen again?” Or “How can I
ever repay you?” Or “What were you
thinking?!?”
ADDITIONAL FORMS OF RHETORICAL
DEVICES CONTINUED
•
Allusion:
Using historical references or literary references
•
Example
http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/hendrikhertzberg/
2013/01/obamas-inaugural-allusions.html
LET’S ANALYZE A FEW COMMERCIALS
TO DETERMINE THE TYPE(S) OF RHETORIC
BEING USED:
NUMBER YOUR PAPER 1-12
HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=SFAXUPEVHCG&LIST=PLUT_PBZQ
ZJ_D7WPFNSX-M9HO1PFCQ_CGG&INDEX=
1
Understand the art of rhetoric and the power of persuasion through ethos, pathos, and logos. Explore how writers use varying techniques like formal word choice, emotional appeal, and allusion to sway audiences. Delve into the persuasive appeals of ethos, pathos, and logos as explained by Greek philosopher Aristotle. Enhance your communication skills and effectiveness in conveying ideas convincingly.
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Presentation Transcript
RHETORICAL DEVICES FOR PERSUASION
WHAT IS RHETORIC? The art of effective expression (speaking & writing) and the persuasive use of language We study rhetoric because: It helps us to better appreciate appeals to our ethos, pathos, & logos It helps us to become more effective persuasive speakers and writers
THINK ABOUT IT In what ways do writers use persuasion? (1 minute) List three ways in your notes then share with your group (2 minutes)
EXAMPLES: Formal word choice leads readers/listeners to believe something is ethically or legally important Emotional word choice (sometimes called sensationalism ) leads readers/listeners to recognize that ideas expressed are important to the writer/speaker Allusion can associate a new idea to a traditionally respected source For example: If a teacher was trying to persuade students to do well on their AP exams, he or she might state, The score you receive on your exam will determine the college you are admitted to or the scholarship money you will receive.
ETHOS, PATHOS, AND LOGOS Greek philosopher, Aristotle, argued that there are three basic ways to persuade an audience that you are right. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9L_G82HH9Tg
ETHOS Persuasive appeal of one s character. Tells us that the author is reliable and competent. Example: For most politicians, ethos has already been established before a debate or campaign (i.e. When I was the governor of Arizona, I passed a bill that stated or My record shows that )
PATHOS Appeal to emotion (of course, meant to evoke emotional response) This is the bread and butter to a politician and can be used to sway an audience quickly with personal stories.
LOGOS Appeal to reason (evokes a rational response) that may also utilize facts and statistics It is often used to set a specific tone or bring legitimacy to an already established pathos. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wc1TrKIzAJM
ADDITIONAL FORMS OF RHETORICAL DEVICES FOR PERSUASION Alliteration Occurs when a series of words in a row (or close to a row) have the same first consonant sound. Example: "This generation of soldiers, sailors, airmen, Marines, and Coast Guardsmen have volunteered in the time of certain danger. They are part of the finest fighting force that the world has ever known. Barack Obama Fort Hood Memorial Speech Repetition/ Parallel Structure The repetition or restatement of an idea not only promotes clarity, but encourages the acceptance of an idea. Thus, other competing ideas seem inferior and are sometimes driven completely from of the audience's mind. Example: serve together and fight together and bleed together.
ADDITIONAL FORMS OF RHETORICAL DEVICES CONTINUED Metaphor The use of metaphors can often lure someone to your side as it illustrates strength or weakness Example: Obama describes a light military strike as being a pinprick and stated that, Let me make something clear: The United States military doesn t do pinpricks. Rhetorical Question A question that does not expect an answer. The speaker is implying that the answer is too obvious to require a reply or merely as a way of making a point. Example: Can we agree that this will not happen again? Or How can I ever repay you? Or What were you thinking?!?
ADDITIONAL FORMS OF RHETORICAL DEVICES CONTINUED Allusion: Using historical references or literary references Example http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/hendrikhertzberg/ 2013/01/obamas-inaugural-allusions.html
LETS ANALYZE A FEW COMMERCIALS TO DETERMINE THE TYPE(S) OF RHETORIC BEING USED: NUMBER YOUR PAPER 1-12 HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=SFAXUPEVHCG&LIST=PLUT_PBZQ ZJ_D7WPFNSX-M9HO1PFCQ_CGG&INDEX=1
