Chemical Formulas and Rules of Bonding
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How do we make larger particles
than atoms?
•
SYMBOL
-shorthand for one atom of an element
•
SUBSCRIPT-
•
Lower right corner (behind the symbol)
•
Tells you number or atoms for that element
•
If there is no subscript-it means one atom
•
COEFFICIENT-
•
In front of formula
•
Tells you how many molecules you have
•
All elements are multiplied by that number
Ba
Cl
2
Ba means Barium- if no subscript you only have
one
There is a subscript of 2 so this means you have 2
Chlorine atoms
H
2
SO
4
There is a subscript of 2 behind the H so there are
2 Hydrogen Atoms.
How many atoms of Sulfur? How many atoms of
Oxygen?
Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
2
NaSO
4
There is a coefficient of 2 in front of the whole
formula. This means all the elements in the formula
are multiplied by 2
NaSO
4
+
NaSO
4
When you have a subscript outside parenthesis,
you multiply each element INSIDE them by that
subscript
2
H
2
O
3
Na
2
SO
4
4
Pb(NO
3
)
2
How many molecules?
How many Hydrogens? Oxygens?
How many molecules?
How many Hydrogens? Sulfurs? Oxygens?
How many molecules?
How many Leads? Nitrogens? Oxygens?
•
MOLECULE:
2 or more atoms bonded together
•
COMPOUND:
2 or more different atoms bonded together
•
This happens during
CHEMICAL BONDING
•
IONIC BONDING
-bonding between a ratio of metals and nonmetals
•
COVALENT BONDING-
bonding between two or more nonmetals
•
TWO TYPES TO KNOW FOR NOW:
•
IONIC BONDING
-bonding between a ratio of metals and nonmetals
•
COVALENT BONDING-
bonding between two or more nonmetals
•
RULES FOR EACH FAMILY:
•
Alkali Metals, Halogens, and Hydrogen make only ONE bond
•
Alkaline Earth Metals, and Chalogens make TWO bonds
•
Boron Group and Nitrogen Group makes THREE bonds
•
Carbon Group makes FOUR bonds
•
Noble gases make NO BONDS!
•
Transition metals depends on the individual element.
•
2H
2
O
•
Molecules of H
2
O:
2
•
H (Hydrogen) :
4
•
O(Oxygen) :
2
•
3Na
2
SO
4
•
Molecules of Na
2
SO
4
3
•
Na (Sodium)
6
•
S (Sulphur)
3
•
O (Oxygen)
12
•
4Pb(NO
3
)
2
•
Molecules of Pb(NO
3
)
2
4
•
Pb (Lead)
4
•
N (Nitrogen)
2
•
O (Oxygen)
6
This content covers the basics of chemical formulas, counting atoms, and the rules of bonding to create larger particles than atoms. Learn about shorthand notation, examples of chemical formulas, vocabulary related to molecules and compounds, and the key rules for ionic and covalent bonding.
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Presentation Transcript
1. Chemical Formulas 2. Counting Atoms 3. The Rules of Bonding How do we make larger particles than atoms?
Chemical Formulas- Shorthand way to write a chemical molecule or compound SYMBOL-shorthand for one atom of an element SUBSCRIPT- Lower right corner (behind the symbol) Tells you number or atoms for that element If there is no subscript-it means one atom COEFFICIENT- In front of formula Tells you how many molecules you have All elements are multiplied by that number
Chemical Formula Examples- Ways you may see molecules/compounds written Ba Ba means Barium- if no subscript you only have one Cl2 There is a subscript of 2 so this means you have 2 Chlorine atoms There is a subscript of 2 behind the H so there are 2 Hydrogen Atoms. How many atoms of Sulfur? How many atoms of Oxygen? H 2 SO4
Chemical Formula Examples- Ways you may see molecules/compounds written There is a coefficient of 2 in front of the whole formula. This means all the elements in the formula are multiplied by 2 2NaSO4 NaSO4 + NaSO4 When you have a subscript outside parenthesis, you multiply each element INSIDE them by that subscript Ca3(PO4) 2
Examples to start with: How many molecules? How many Hydrogens? Oxygens? 2H2O 3Na2SO4 How many molecules? How many Hydrogens? Sulfurs? Oxygens? 4Pb(NO3)2 How many molecules? How many Leads? Nitrogens? Oxygens?
MORE VOCABULARY MOLECULE: 2 or more atoms bonded together COMPOUND: 2 or more different atoms bonded together This happens during CHEMICAL BONDING IONIC BONDING -bonding between a ratio of metals and nonmetals COVALENT BONDING- bonding between two or more nonmetals
RULES OF BONDING TWO TYPES TO KNOW FOR NOW: IONIC BONDING -bonding between a ratio of metals and nonmetals COVALENT BONDING- bonding between two or more nonmetals RULES FOR EACH FAMILY: Alkali Metals, Halogens, and Hydrogen make only ONE bond Alkaline Earth Metals, and Chalogens make TWO bonds Boron Group and Nitrogen Group makes THREE bonds Carbon Group makes FOUR bonds Noble gases make NO BONDS! Transition metals depends on the individual element.
Counting Atoms Examples 2H2O Molecules of H2O: H (Hydrogen) : O(Oxygen) : 3Na2SO4 Molecules of Na2SO4 Na (Sodium) S (Sulphur) O (Oxygen) 2 4 2 3 6 3 12
Counting Atoms Examples 4Pb(NO3)2 Molecules of Pb(NO3)2 Pb (Lead) N (Nitrogen) O (Oxygen) 4 4 2 6
