Analog Electronics Review and Semester Plan for EP212 Spring 2014
EP212
Electronics Lab 2
Analog Electronics
Lecture 1
Review, and plan for this semester
Electronics for Physicists
– the big picture
Physical
System
A
m
p
l
i
f
i
e
r
Measurement
Small
Electrical
signal
Large
Electrical
signal
Recall BJT transistors from
Electronics Lab -1
3 terminal
ACTIVE
device
r
e
= 25mV / I
C
I
B
~
μ
A ; I
C
~ mA
How does the transistor amplify?
v
out
= -i
c
R
C
v
in
= i
e
R
E
Gain = -R
C
/R
E
How do
TWO
transistors work?
Note: Biasing details not shown
Differential signals are
GOOD
t
v
in
+
t
v
in
−
t
v
in
+
-
v
in
−
v
out
+
v
out
−
Gain= -3
Gain= -3
Gain is still -3, but each of
v
in
+
and v
in
−
need half input,
and v
out
+
- v
out
−
has double swing
What are the constraints of differential
operation?
+
+
−
−
Resistors must be
exactly
matched
Wires must be
exactly
matched
Later stages (V→I) must be
exactly
matched
Big advantage:
Can DC-couple
v
in
=(v
+
- v
-
)
at input
Bureau of component matching
OpAmp integrates precision matched actives+passives in one IC
Input Stage
Output Stage
Biasing etc
Your friend for Spring 2014
LM741 OpAmp IC
+12V
-12V
Close to infinite open loop gain
OPAMP ≡ DC coupled high gain amplifier
Preparation for Lab 1
Treat your friend with love and affection!
Remember the notch
•
pin numbers start at the notch
•
You must always use dual voltage supply
+V
CC
(to pin 7) and –V
CC
(to pin 4) |V
CC
| < 20V
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Don’t bend the IC pins when inserting into breadboard
WRONG !
Pins 1-4 and 5-8 are
shorted to each other
CORRECT:
Each pin has a separate
breadboard trace. +V
CC
and –V
CC
are
connected along the edge traces
+V
CC
-V
CC
Course Reference
The OpAmp cookbook
by
Walt Jung
Available open-source online from many sites
(eg) Analog Devices “Analog Dialogue”
This presentation reviews concepts in analog electronics, focusing on operational amplifiers, feedback, signal measurement in the presence of noise, transistor amplification, differential operation constraints, and component matching in electronics labs. The semester plan includes topics such as discrete BJT amplifier designs, digital measurement, and control systems for upcoming semesters.
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Presentation Transcript
EP212 Electronics Lab 2 Analog Electronics Lecture 1 Review, and plan for this semester EP212 Spring 2014 Slide 1/12
Electronics for Physicists the big picture Amplifier Measurement Physical System Large Electrical signal Small Electrical signal Electronics Lab 1 (EP215) last semester Basic concepts (grounds, signal measurements) Discrete BJT Amplifier designs (Voltage CE, Current Follower) Electronics Lab 2 (EP212) this semester - Operational Amplifiers (opamps) - Feedback - Signal measurement in presence of noise Electronics Lab 3+4 (EP315 + EP317) next semester - Digital measurement and control systems EP212 Spring 2014 Slide 2/12
Recall BJT transistors from Electronics Lab -1 3 terminal ACTIVE device IC = IB IE ~ IC IB ~ A ; IC ~ mA re = 25mV / IC Symbol with voltages EP212 Spring 2014 Slide 3/12
How does the transistor amplify? ic VCC RC vout BJT RC vin vout ie RE vin RE vout = -icRC vin = ieRE Gain = -RC/RE EP212 Spring 2014 Slide 4/12
How do TWO transistors work? VCC VCC RC RC vout + vout + vin vin RE RE Note: Biasing details not shown EP212 Spring 2014 Slide 5/12
Differential signals are GOOD vin+ vout+ t Gain= -3 vin t Gain= -3 vout Gain is still -3, but each of vin+ and vin need half input, and vout+ - vout has double swing vin+- vin t EP212 Spring 2014 Slide 6/12
What are the constraints of differential operation? Big advantage: Can DC-couple vin =(v+ - v-) at input VCC VCC RC RC + vout vout + vin vin RE RE Transistors must be exactly matched Resistors must be exactly matched Wires must be exactly matched Later stages (V I) must be exactly matched EP212 Spring 2014 Slide 7/12
Bureau of component matching OpAmp integrates precision matched actives+passives in one IC Biasing etc Output Stage Input Stage EP212 Spring 2014 Slide 8/12
Your friend for Spring 2014 LM741 OpAmp IC +12V -12V Close to zero input current (high input impedance) Current drive output (low output impedance) Close to infinite open loop gain OPAMP DC coupled high gain amplifier EP212 Spring 2014 Slide 9/12
Preparation for Lab 1 Treat your friend with love and affection! Don t bend the IC pins when inserting into breadboard 5 6 7 8 Remember the notch pin numbers start at the notch You must always use dual voltage supply +VCC(to pin 7) and VCC(to pin 4) |VCC| < 20V 4 +VCC 3 2 1 -VCC CORRECT: Each pin has a separate breadboard trace. +VCC and VCC are connected along the edge traces WRONG ! Pins 1-4 and 5-8 are shorted to each other EP212 Spring 2014 Slide 10/12
Course Reference The OpAmp cookbook by Walt Jung Available open-source online from many sites (eg) Analog Devices Analog Dialogue EP212 Spring 2014 Slide 11/12
