Understanding Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter

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Physical versus Chemical
Properties
 
 
 Chapter 2 Section 2
Describing matter
Matter:  anything that has mass and takes
up space
Mass – the amount of matter in something
Volume – the amount of space something
occupies
Which of the following is matter?
A car?
A box?
You?
 
Reviewing MATTER
 
What is a property?
 
Property
:  a
characteristic of a
substance that can
be observed
 
Physical Property
 
Physical property:  a property that can be
observed without changing the identity of the
substance.
 
Examples:
 luster
 malleability:  the ability
to be hammered into a
thin sheet
 ductility:  the ability to
be stretched into a wire
 
melting point
 boiling point
 
density
 solubility
 specific heat
 
Physical Properties
 
Color
Shape
Size
Density
Melting Point
Boiling Point
 
Example of Physical Property
 
The physical properties of sodium metal
can be observed or measured.  It is a soft,
lustrous, silver-colored metal with a
relatively low melting point and low density.
Hardness, color, melting point and density
are all physical properties.
 
Special Physical Properties
 
Melting point
:  the temperature at
which a substance changes from a
solid to a liquid at a given pressure
water =  0
o
C
Boiling point
:  the temperature at
which a substance changes from a
liquid to a gas at a given pressure
            
water = 100
o
C
 
Thermal
 
 
Density
 
 
Solubility
 
State
 
 
Ductility
 
 
Malleability
 
Chemical Properties
 
Chemical property
:  a property that
can only be observed by changing the
identity of the substance
 
Chemical Properties
 
Examples of Chemical Properties
Reactivity with oxygen
Nonreactivity with oxygen
Flammability
Nonflammability
Chemical Properties
 
 
Comparison of Physical
and Chemical Properties
 
 
Density
 
Density
 is the amount of mass per
unit of volume.
 
Density
 can be used to identify a
substance.
 
The density of water is 1.0g/mL
 
Density Calculations
 
Calculations:
D = m/V
Ex:  A cube has a mass of 2.8 g and
occupies a volume of 3.67 ml.  Would
this object float or sink in water?
Mass = 2.8 g
  
Volume = 3.67 mL
D = 2.8g/3.67 mL= 0.76 g/mL
This object would float in water because
its density is less than water (1.0 g/mL).
 
 
More Density Calculations
 
Ex:  A liquid has a mass of 25.6 g and a
volume of 31.6 mL.  Use the table below
to identify the substance.
 
 
M=25.6 g
 
V=31.6 mL
     D = 25.6 g/31.6 mL
     D= 0.81 g/mL
The substance is ethanol.
 
Physical Change
 
Physical change is the change that affects one
or more physical properties of a substance.
Imagine breaking a piece of chalk into two
pieces.  What are you changing?  What is
not being changed?
Physical changes do not change the identity
of the matter involved
 
 
Physical Change
 
Freezing water for ice cubes
Sanding a piece of wood
Cutting your hair
Crushing an aluminum can
Bending a paper clip
Mixing oil and vinegar
 
Chemical Change
 
Chemical change happens when two or more
substance are changed into one or more new
substances with different properties.
Properties of a substance describe which
chemical changes will or will not happen
Chemical change and properties are not the
same, a change is the process in which it
changes
 
Chemical Change
 
Examples of Chemical Changes
Soured milk
Effervescent tablets
Statue of Liberty
Baking a cake
 
Chemical Change
 
Clues that chemical change has occurred
Changes in color
Heat
Fizzing and foaming
Production of sound or light
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Explore the distinction between physical and chemical properties of matter in Chapter 2, Section 2. Physical properties can be observed without changing the substance's identity, such as color and density, while chemical properties require altering the substance to observe characteristics like reactivity. Examples and explanations of physical and chemical properties are provided, aiding in a deeper comprehension of the nature of matter.


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  1. Physical versus Chemical Properties Chapter 2 Section 2 Describing matter

  2. Reviewing MATTER Matter: anything that has mass and takes up space Mass the amount of matter in something Volume the amount of space something occupies Which of the following is matter? A car? A box? You?

  3. What is a property? Property: a characteristic of a substance that can be observed

  4. Physical Property Physical property: a property that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance. Examples: luster malleability: the ability to be hammered into a thin sheet ductility: the ability to be stretched into a wire melting point boiling point density solubility specific heat

  5. Physical Properties Color Shape Size Density Melting Point Boiling Point

  6. Example of Physical Property The physical properties of sodium metal can be observed or measured. It is a soft, lustrous, silver-colored metal with a relatively low melting point and low density. Hardness, color, melting point and density are all physical properties.

  7. Special Physical Properties Melting point: the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid at a given pressure water = 0oC Boiling point: the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas at a given pressure water = 100oC

  8. Thermal State Density Ductility Malleability Solubility

  9. Chemical Properties Chemical property: a property that can only be observed by changing the identity of the substance

  10. Chemical Properties Examples of Chemical Properties Reactivity with oxygen Nonreactivity with oxygen Flammability Nonflammability

  11. Chemical Properties Cars, Automobiles; Old Rusty Car - Pictures, Photos, Photographs

  12. Comparison of Physical and Chemical Properties

  13. Density Density is the amount of mass per unit of volume. Density can be used to identify a substance. The density of water is 1.0g/mL

  14. Density Calculations Calculations: D = m/V Ex: A cube has a mass of 2.8 g and occupies a volume of 3.67 ml. Would this object float or sink in water? Mass = 2.8 g D = 2.8g/3.67 mL= 0.76 g/mL This object would float in water because its density is less than water (1.0 g/mL). Volume = 3.67 mL

  15. More Density Calculations Ex: A liquid has a mass of 25.6 g and a volume of 31.6 mL. Use the table below to identify the substance. Substance Density (g/mL) M=25.6 g D = 25.6 g/31.6 mL D= 0.81 g/mL The substance is ethanol. V=31.6 mL Mercury 13.6 Water 1.00 Ethanol 0.81

  16. Physical Change Physical change is the change that affects one or more physical properties of a substance. Imagine breaking a piece of chalk into two pieces. What are you changing? What is not being changed? Physical changes do not change the identity of the matter involved

  17. Physical Change Freezing water for ice cubes Sanding a piece of wood Cutting your hair Crushing an aluminum can Bending a paper clip Mixing oil and vinegar

  18. Chemical Change Chemical change happens when two or more substance are changed into one or more new substances with different properties. Properties of a substance describe which chemical changes will or will not happen Chemical change and properties are not the same, a change is the process in which it changes

  19. Chemical Change Examples of Chemical Changes Soured milk Effervescent tablets Statue of Liberty Baking a cake

  20. Chemical Change Clues that chemical change has occurred Changes in color Heat Fizzing and foaming Production of sound or light

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