Cellular Processes and Functions Explained

The cytoplasm is essential for cell function, housing organelles like chloroplasts and vacuoles unique to plants. Mitochondria facilitate cellular respiration, while amino acids form proteins. Enzymes are proteins, and carbohydrates consist of simple sugars. Basic pH numbers range from 8 to 14. Starch breaks down into glucose. The cell membrane regulates cell transport. Explore diffusion, osmosis, and passive transport for a deeper understanding of cellular movement.

• Cell biology
• Organelles
• Cellular processes
• Diffusion
• Osmosis

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1. DO NOW- quick answers! What is the function of the cytoplasm? Name 2 organelles found only in plants: What process happens in the mitochondria? Amino acids are the building blocks of . What type of biological molecule are all enzymes? What are the building blocks of carbohydrates? What numbers on the pH scale are basic? What can starch be broken down into? What is the job of the cell membrane?

2. Diffusion, Osmosis, and Active Transport Science Practice- Day 3 Coach Taylor & Coach Feil

3. Passive Transport Movement across the membrane that does NOT require energy

4. Diffusion The movement of substances from a high concentration to a low concentration

5. Diffusion The movement of substances from a high concentration to a low concentration Moving from where there is more of something to where there is less of something

7. Diffusion The movement of substances from a high concentration to a low concentration Moving from where there is more of something to where there is less of something Molecules will move across the membrane until the concentration is equal on both sides of the membrane Molecules will diffuse until they are in equilibrium

10. I I I I I I I I

11. Osmosis The diffusion of water Water flowing from a high concentration to a low concentration

12. Osmosis The diffusion of water Water flowing from a high concentration to a low concentration NO ENERGY REQUIRED

13. Onion (plant) Cells: When an onion cell is placed in a salt water solution, water will leave the cell. The cell membrane will shrink as water leaves the cytoplasm THE CELL WALL WILL STAY THE SAME

15. CELL WALL CELL MEMBRANE CYTOPLASM

16. SALT WATER

18. CELL WALL CYTOPLASM CELL MEMBRANE

19. DISTILLED WATER (100% H2O, Fresh Water, Pure Water)

21. Active Transport Movement from a LOW concentration to a HIGH concentration From where there is LESS to where there is MORE ATP is required!!!! Against the concentration gradient

23. Cell Membrane The cell membrane is the organelle that controls what enters and leaves the cell Selectively Permeable Permeable- Able to pass through

24. Permeable- small molecules, C6H12O6, H2O, O2, CO2 NOT permeable- big molecules, STARCH