Understanding Cellular Injury and Its Manifestations

Cellular injury can occur due to various factors like physical trauma, chemicals, radiation, and biologic agents. This process can lead to reversible or irreversible damage in cells, affecting their normal functions and possibly leading to cell death. Manifestations of cellular injury include cellular swelling and accumulation of substances within cells. These manifestations can be observed in organs like the liver and renal tubules. Understanding the causes and manifestations of cellular injury is crucial in medical analysis and treatment.

• Cellular injury
• Manifestations
• Causes
• Physical trauma
• Chemical injury

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1. Cellular injury Introduction 3rdstage MSc EtabA. AL-Mosawe

2. Cellular injury Introduction Cellular injury can occur in a number of different ways. Cellular injury may be a reversible process, in which case the cells can recover their normal function, or it may be irreversible and lead to cell death. Although the causes of cellular injury are many , the underlying mechanisms of cellular injury usually includes one of two categories: free radical injury or hypoxic injury

3. Classification or causes of Cellular Injury Physical injury 1. Mechanical trauma Temperature extremes (burn injury, frostbite) Electrical current Chemical injury 1. Chemicals, toxins, heavy metals, solvents, smoke, pollutants, drugs, gases Radiation injury 1. Ionizing radiation gamma rays, X rays Non-ionizing radiation microwaves, infrared, laser Biologic agents 1. Bacteria, viruses, parasites Nutritional injury 1. Malnutrition Obesity

4. Manifestations of cellular injury 1. Cellular swelling Caused by an accumulation of water 2. Cellular accumulations , Substances that can be accumulated in injured cells may include fats, proteins, glycogen, calcium, uric acid , iron and certain pigments such as melanin.

5. 1-Cells of liver are swollen and have homogenous granules. with Cytoplasm take a deep stain. Cloudy swelling.

6. 2-Lumen of renal tubules or glandular acini has star shape appearance. Cloudy swelling.

7. 3-We see clear spaces usually around the nucleus.Its boundaries are hazy and undefinite(Fat,glycogen).Skin with Hydropic degeneration

8. 4-Liver with fatty changes,enlarge,yellowish,rounded boundaries and friable.

9. 5-Liver with fatty changes, Fat droplets appear as unstained clear, spherical space (fat, is dissolved in fat solvents).