Understanding Slope, Gradient, and Intervisibility in Geography
Explore the concepts of slope, gradient, and intervisibility in geography through detailed descriptions and visual representations. Learn about positive, negative, zero, and undefined slopes, the calculation of gradient, and the significance of understanding these aspects in various engineering and geographical applications.
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GRADIENT & INTERVISIBILITY Mr. Ramchandra Bhivaji Bhaskar Assist. Professor & Head Department of Geography The New College, Kolhapur
SLOPE DEFINITION: A surface of which one end or side is at a higher level than another, a rising or falling surface. Slope is calculated by finding the ratio of the vertical change to the horizontal change between two distinct point on a line. Slope is define left to right.
SLOPE TYPES SLOPE A Positive A Negative Zero Undefined
A POSITIVE SLOPE If you run from left to right slope will rise up, it is a positive slope
A NEGATIVE SLOPE If you run from left to right slope will reduce, it is negative slope
ZERO SLOPE If you run from left to right and you don't rise or fall, it is zero slope.
UNDEFINED SLOPE when you are not moving or run horizontally at all. In other words, the run is zero
DEGREES 0.6 1 1.15 1.19 2.86 4.76 7.13 10 14.04 15 26.57 30 45 56.31 60 63.43 78.69 89.43 GRADIENT 1 : 95.49 1 : 57.29 1 : 50 1 : 48 1 : 20 1 : 12 1 : 8 1 : 5.67 1 : 4 1 : 3.73 1 : 2 1 : 1.73 1 : 1 1: 0.67 1 : 0.6 1 : 0.5 1: 0.2 : 0.1 PERCENT 1.0% 1.7% 2% 2.08% 5% 8.3% 12.5% 17.6% 25% 26.8% 50% 57.7% 100% 150% 173.2% 200% 500% 1000%
GRADIENT Gradient is the amount of steepness of slope, gradient is the amount of vertical rise of land in relation to horizontal distance. The gradient may be expressed as an angular measurement between the horizontal plane & the line of slope. study of gradient is essential for road, railway, canals and engineering purpose. Gradient is expressed- Fraction, Percent, Mill or Degree Fraction : C Ground distance Vertical Interval Gradient A B Horizontal Equivalent Vertical Interval Gradient = Horizontal Equivalent
By percent : Vertical Interval Percent (%) = Horizontal Equivalent Degree : Vertical Interval Degree = 57.3 Horizontal Equivalent Vertical Interval Mill = 1000 Horizontal Equivalent
INTERVISIBILITY The visibility of one point on the ground from another point and vice versa is intervisibility. FACTORS : Two points located ground level If the slope is concave No intervisibility convex slope and undulating slope of opposite banks of a valley No intervisibility opposite spur Dead ground IMPORTANCE : A knowledge of terrain for military purpose Surveyors Tourists Drivers Geologists Explorers METHOD : By line of sight By inspecting contour By identifying slopes
