Understanding HTML Basics and Evolution
Delve into the world of HTML with a comprehensive exploration of its basics, including markup language fundamentals, element structure, and the evolution of HTML from simple document semantics to a powerful web development tool. Learn about the key components that structure HTML documents and witness its evolution into a versatile language for creating engaging web content.
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Hypertext Markup Language COMP3220 Web Infrastructure COMP6218 Web Architecture Dr Nicholas Gibbins nmg@ecs.soton.ac.uk
Representation URI http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/2637487 Resource accesses today s BBC weather forecast for Southampton Representation Metadata: Content-Type: text/html Data: <html> <head> <title>BBC Weather Southampton</title> ... </html> 3 3
What is HTML? 1. The data format for Web pages 2. A markup language for structured documents 3. A platform for Web application development 4. All of the above 4 4
Which HTML? HTML Tags XHTML HTML+ XHTML 2 HTML 2.0 HTML 5 HTML 3.0 HTML 5.1 HTML 3.2 HTML 5.1 2nd ed. HTML 4 HTML 5.2 HTML 4.01 HTML 5.3 ... 5
HTML source <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>My Document</title> </head> <body> <h1>This is an example HTML document</h1> <ol> <li>First paragraph</li> <li>Second paragraph</li> </ol> <p>This is the first paragraph. <em>It doesn't really say very much.</em> Now is the time for all good men to come to the aid of the party.</p> <p>This is the second paragraph. The quick brown <a href="http://example.org/">fox</a> jumped over the lazy dog.</p> </body> </html> 7 7
HTML markup basics Tags that structure a document as a hierarchy of elements <p> ... </p> Attributes that modify elements <a href= ... >...</a> Entity references that represent character sequences R&D 8 8
Element structure html head body title h1 ol p p li i a li 9 9
Evolution of HTML Initially a language for encoding simple document semantics <h1>Things to See in London</h1> <p>The <i>Millennium Dome</i> is great.</p> 10
Evolution of HTML Subsequently extended to allow more design precision and visual effects <h1><center>Things to See in London</center></h1> <p><font size= 3 text= #FF0000 >The <i>Millennium Dome</i> is <blink>great</blink>.</font></p> 11
Evolution of HTML Separation of semantics from presentation using stylesheets Large font, bold, red <h1>Things to See in London</h1> <p>The <em>Millennium Dome</em> is great.</p> Normal font, 1cm indent Italic font 12
