The Fascinating World of Microscopes: From Ancient Origins to Modern Mechanisms
The Microscope
Mr. Ryan
6
th
Grade
The History
•
Many people experimented with making
microscopes
•
Was the microscope originally made by
accident? (Most people were creating
telescopes)
•
The first microscope was 6 feet long!!!
•
The Greeks & Romans used “lenses” to
magnify objects over 1000 years ago.
The History
•
Hans and Zacharias Janssen of Holland
in the 1590’s created the “first”
compound microscope
•
Anthony van Leeuwenhoek and Robert
Hooke made improvements by working
on the lenses
Anthony van Leeuwenhoek
1632-1723
Robert Hooke
1635-1703
Hooke Microscope
The History
Zacharias Jansen
1588-1631
The “First” Microscope
How a Microscope Works
Convex Lenses are
curved glass used to
make microscopes
(and glasses etc.)
Convex Lenses bend
light and focus it in
one spot.
How a Microscope Works
O
c
u
l
a
r
L
e
n
s
(Magnifies Image)
O
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
e
L
e
n
s
(Gathers Light,
Magnifies
And Focuses Image
Inside Body Tube)
B
o
d
y
T
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(Image Focuses)
•
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.
The Parts of a Microscope
Body Tube
Nose Piece
Objective
Lenses
Stage
Clips
Diaphragm
Light Source
Ocular Lens
Arm
Stage
Coarse Adj
.
Fine Adjustment
Base
Skip to Magnification Section
Body Tube
•
The body tube holds the objective
lenses and the ocular lens at the proper
distance
Diagram
Nose Piece
•
The Nose Piece holds the objective
lenses and can be turned to increase
the magnification
Diagram
Objective Lenses
•
The Objective Lenses increase
magnification (usually from 10x to 40x)
Diagram
Stage Clips
•
These 2 clips hold the slide/specimen in
place on the stage.
Diagram
Diaphragm
•
The Diaphragm controls the amount of
light on the slide/specimen
Turn to let more light in or to
make dimmer.
Diagram
Light Source
•
Projects light upwards through the
diaphragm, the specimen and the
lenses
•
Some have lights, others have mirrors
where you must move the mirror to
reflect light
Diagram
Ocular Lens/Eyepiece
•
Magnifies the specimen image
Diagram
Arm
•
Used to support the microscope when
carried. Holds the body tube, nose
piece and objective lenses
Diagram
Stage
•
Supports the slide/specimen
Diagram
Coarse Adjustment Knob
•
Moves the stage up and down (quickly)
for focusing your image
Diagram
Fine Adjustment Knob
•
This knob moves the stage SLIGHTLY
to sharpen the image
Diagram
Base
•
Supports the microscope
Diagram
Magnification
Magnification
•
To determine your magnification…you
just multiply the ocular lens by the
objective lens
•
Ocular 10x Objective 40x:10 x 40 = 400
Objective Lens have
their magnification
written on them.
Ocular lenses usually magnifies by 10x
So the object is 400 times “larger”
Caring for a Microscope
•
Clean only with a soft cloth/tissue
•
Make sure it’s on a flat surface
•
Don’t bang it
•
Carry it with 2 HANDS…one on the arm
and the other on the base
Carry a Microscope Correctly
Using a Microscope
•
Start on the lowest magnification
•
Don’t use the coarse adjustment knob
on high magnification…you’ll break the
slide!!!
•
Place slide on stage and lock clips
•
Adjust light source (if it’s a mirror…don’t
stand in front of it!)
•
Use fine adjustment to focus
References
•
http://www.cerebromente.org.br/n17/history/neurons1_i.htm
•
Google Images
•
http://science.howstuffworks.com/light-microscope1.htm
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Delve into the intriguing history of microscopes, from ancient experimentation to the innovative creations of individuals like Zacharias Janssen, Anthony van Leeuwenhoek, and Robert Hooke. Explore how these optical instruments work, utilizing convex lenses to bend and focus light for magnification. Discover the essential parts of a microscope and how they come together to enhance our ability to observe the microscopic world.
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Presentation Transcript
The Microscope Mr. Ryan 6thGrade
The History Many people experimented with making microscopes Was the microscope originally made by accident? (Most people were creating telescopes) The first microscope was 6 feet long!!! The Greeks & Romans used lenses to magnify objects over 1000 years ago.
The History Hans and Zacharias Janssen of Holland in the 1590 s created the first compound microscope Anthony van Leeuwenhoek and Robert Hooke made improvements by working on the lenses Robert Hooke 1635-1703 Anthony van Leeuwenhoek 1632-1723 Hooke Microscope
The History The First Microscope Zacharias Jansen 1588-1631
How a Microscope Works Convex Lenses are curved glass used to make microscopes (and glasses etc.) Convex Lenses bend light and focus it in one spot.
How a Microscope Works Ocular Lens (Magnifies Image) Objective Lens (Gathers Light, Magnifies And Focuses Image Inside Body Tube) Body Tube (Image Focuses) Bending Light: The objective (bottom) convex lens magnifies and focuses (bends) the image inside the body tube and the ocular convex (top) lens of a microscope magnifies it (again).
Ocular Lens Body Tube Nose Piece Arm Objective Lenses Stage Stage Clips Coarse Adj. Diaphragm Fine Adjustment Light Source Base Skip to Magnification Section
Body Tube The body tube holds the objective lenses and the ocular lens at the proper distance Diagram
Nose Piece The Nose Piece holds the objective lenses and can be turned to increase the magnification Diagram
Objective Lenses The Objective Lenses increase magnification (usually from 10x to 40x) Diagram
Stage Clips These 2 clips hold the slide/specimen in place on the stage. Diagram
Diaphragm The Diaphragm controls the amount of light on the slide/specimen Turn to let more light in or to make dimmer. Diagram
Light Source Projects light upwards through the diaphragm, the specimen and the lenses Some have lights, others have mirrors where you must move the mirror to reflect light Diagram
Ocular Lens/Eyepiece Magnifies the specimen image Diagram
Arm Used to support the microscope when carried. Holds the body tube, nose piece and objective lenses Diagram
Stage Supports the slide/specimen Diagram
Coarse Adjustment Knob Moves the stage up and down (quickly) for focusing your image Diagram
Fine Adjustment Knob This knob moves the stage SLIGHTLY to sharpen the image Diagram
Base Supports the microscope Diagram
Magnification To determine your magnification you just multiply the ocular lens by the objective lens Ocular 10x Objective 40x:10 x 40 = 400 So the object is 400 times larger Objective Lens have their magnification written on them. Ocular lenses usually magnifies by 10x
Caring for a Microscope Clean only with a soft cloth/tissue Make sure it s on a flat surface Don t bang it Carry it with 2 HANDS one on the arm and the other on the base
Using a Microscope Start on the lowest magnification Don t use the coarse adjustment knob on high magnification you ll break the slide!!! Place slide on stage and lock clips Adjust light source (if it s a mirror don t stand in front of it!) Use fine adjustment to focus
References http://www.cerebromente.org.br/n17/history/neurons1_i.htm Google Images http://science.howstuffworks.com/light-microscope1.htm
This powerpoint was kindly donated to www.worldofteaching.com http://www.worldofteaching.com is home to over a thousand powerpoints submitted by teachers. This is a completely free site and requires no registration. Please visit and I hope it will help in your teaching.
