The Anatomy of the Ear
The Ear
Cochlea
External
Auditory
Canal
Tympanic
Membrane
Eustachian
Tube
Pinna
Auditory Nerve
Semicircular Canals
Malleus
(Hammer)
Incus
(Anvil)
Stapes
(Stirrup)
Pinna
(also called the auricle) the visible part of the
outer ear. It collects sound and directs it into the
outer ear canal
External Auditory Canal
the tube through which sound travels to the
eardrum.
Tympanic Membrane (Eardrum)
thin membrane that vibrates when sound
waves reach it.
Eustachian tube
a tube that connects the middle ear to the back
of the nose; it equalizes the pressure between
the middle ear and the air outside.
hammer - (also called the malleus
a tiny bone that passes vibrations from the
eardrum to the anvil.
anvil - (also called the incus)
•
a tiny bone that passes vibrations from the
hammer to the stirrup.
stirrup - (also called the stapes)
•
a tiny, U-shaped bone that passes vibrations
from the stirrup to the cochlea.
Cochlea
a spiral-shaped, fluid-filled inner ear structure; it
is lined with cilia (tiny hairs) that move when
vibrated and cause a nerve impulse to form.
Semicircular Canals
three loops of fluid-filled tubes that are attached
to the cochlea in the inner ear. They help us
maintain our sense of balance.
Auditory Nerves
these carry electro-chemical signals from the
inner ear (the cochlea) to the brain.
How we hear
1. Something vibrates
and creates a sound
wave
2. travels to the ear
and is collect by the
outer ear.
3. Sound moves into the ear
canal. When it reaches the
end of the ear canal, the
sound waves bump up
against the eardrum.
4. The ear drum
vibrates with these
sound waves.
5. The vibration moves tiny
bones in the middle ear.
These bones carry vibrations
into the inner ear to a fluid-
filled tube called the cochlea.
6. The fluid inside the
cochlea vibrates a series of
tiny hairs called cilia, which
are attached to auditory
nerves.
7. The movement of
these cilia stimulates
the nerve cells, and
they send signals to
the brain via the
auditory nerve.
8. The brain processes these signals into the sounds we
hear
9. the brain identifies those sound vibrations as familiar
sounds or words
5
6
7
http://www.amplifon.co.uk/interactive-
ear/index.html
Types of hearing loss
Hearing loss can be categorized by which
part of the auditory system is damaged.
There are three basic types of hearing loss:
conductive hearing loss, sensorineural
hearing loss, and mixed hearing loss.
Conductive hearing loss
affects the passage of sound between the ear
drum and the inner ear
. Conductive hearing loss
usually involves a reduction in sound level or the
ability to hear faint sounds. This type of hearing
loss can often be corrected medically or
surgically.
Sensorineural hearing loss
damage to the hair cells in the cochlea (this is the
sensory hearing organ) or damage to the neural
pathways of hearing (nerves).
Most of the time, SNHL
cannot be medically or surgically corrected. This is the
most common type of permanent hearing loss. SNHL
reduces the ability to hear faint sounds. Even when
speech is loud enough to hear, it may still be unclear or
sound muffled.
Mixed hearing loss
a combination of conductive and sensorineural
hearing loss. This means that there may be
damage in the outer or middle ear and in the
inner ear (cochlea) or auditory nerve.
How old are your ears?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VxcbppCX6
Rk
Hearing Loss simulator
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TD5E88fFnxE
ACTIVITY 1: Hearing Simulations
List emotions that you were feeling as you tried to
listen to the hearing loss simulations.
Did you notice any changes in your body language
and/or temperament?
What challenges do you think you would face if you
had a hearing loss?
ACTIVITY 2: Unfair Spelling Test
•
Were you frustrated as you took the unfair
spelling test? If so, describe the challenges you
faced taking the test.
•
What would have helped you hear/understand
the words better?
•
How would you change your spelling tests for
students who are hearing impaired?
Unfair spelling Test
http://podcasts.milwaukee.k12.wi.us//blojsom_
resources/meta/805/Unfair%20Spelling%20Test.
mp3
Assisted listening devices
Hearing Aids
small electronic devices that amplify sound.
Hearing aids aren't effective for everyone.
Hair cells
in the inner ear must pick up the vibrations that the
hearing aid sends and convert those vibrations into
nerve signals
. So, you need to have at least some
hair cells in the inner ear for it to work. And, even if
some hair cells remain, a hearing aid won't
completely restore normal hearing.
Hearing aids are fairly simple devices, consisting of
four basic parts:
•
A
microphone
picks up sound from the environment
and converts it into an electrical signal, which it sends to
the amplifier.
•
An
amplifier
increases the volume of the sound and
sends it to the receiver.
•
A
receiver/speaker
changes the electrical signal back
into sound and sends it into the ear. Then those
impulses are sent to the brain.
•
A
battery
provides power to the hearing aid.
Cochlear Implants
•
Cochlear implants work better in people with
more severe ear damage because they
bypass
the damaged parts of the ear and send the
sound information -- as electrical signals --
directly to the auditory nerve.
Parts of a cochlear implant
CI have 2 main parts:
the processor
-the part outside of the body that picks up sounds
the implant
-inside the body. Receives signals and sends them to
the hearing nerves.
How a cochlear implant works
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m3Vuxadw
nOQ
Cochlear Implants Simulation
•
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SpKKYBkJ
9Hw
Delve into the intricate structures of the human ear, including the stapes, incus, malleus, semicircular canals, auditory nerve, pinna, cochlea, external auditory canal, tympanic membrane, and Eustachian tube. Learn about the functions of each component and how they work together to enable hearing and maintain balance.
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Presentation Transcript
Stapes (Stirrup) Incus (Anvil) Malleus (Hammer) Semicircular Canals Auditory Nerve Pinna Cochlea External Auditory Canal Tympanic Membrane Eustachian Tube
Pinna (also called the auricle) the visible part of the outer ear. It collects sound and directs it into the outer ear canal
External Auditory Canal the tube through which sound travels to the eardrum.
Tympanic Membrane (Eardrum) thin membrane that vibrates when sound waves reach it.
Eustachian tube a tube that connects the middle ear to the back of the nose; it equalizes the pressure between the middle ear and the air outside.
hammer - (also called the malleus a tiny bone that passes vibrations from the eardrum to the anvil.
anvil - (also called the incus) a tiny bone that passes vibrations from the hammer to the stirrup.
stirrup - (also called the stapes) a tiny, U-shaped bone that passes vibrations from the stirrup to the cochlea.
Cochlea a spiral-shaped, fluid-filled inner ear structure; it is lined with cilia (tiny hairs) that move when vibrated and cause a nerve impulse to form.
Semicircular Canals three loops of fluid-filled tubes that are attached to the cochlea in the inner ear. They help us maintain our sense of balance.
Auditory Nerves these carry electro-chemical signals from the inner ear (the cochlea) to the brain.
7. The movement of these cilia stimulates the nerve cells, and they send signals to the brain via the auditory nerve. 7 5 2. travels to the ear and is collect by the outer ear. 6 6. The fluid inside the cochlea vibrates a series of tiny hairs called cilia, which are attached to auditory nerves. 4. The ear drum vibrates with these sound waves. 1. Something vibrates and creates a sound wave 5. The vibration moves tiny bones in the middle ear. These bones carry vibrations into the inner ear to a fluid- filled tube called the cochlea. 3. Sound moves into the ear canal. When it reaches the end of the ear canal, the sound waves bump up against the eardrum. 8. The brain processes these signals into the sounds we hear 9. the brain identifies those sound vibrations as familiar sounds or words
http://www.amplifon.co.uk/interactive- ear/index.html
Types of hearing loss Hearing loss can be categorized by which part of the auditory system is damaged. There are three basic types of hearing loss: conductive hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss, and mixed hearing loss.
Conductive hearing loss affects the passage of sound between the ear drum and the inner ear. Conductive hearing loss usually involves a reduction in sound level or the ability to hear faint sounds. This type of hearing loss can often be corrected medically or surgically.
Sensorineural hearing loss damage to the hair cells in the cochlea (this is the sensory hearing organ) or damage to the neural pathways of hearing (nerves). Most of the time, SNHL cannot be medically or surgically corrected. This is the most common type of permanent hearing loss. SNHL reduces the ability to hear faint sounds. Even when speech is loud enough to hear, it may still be unclear or sound muffled.
Mixed hearing loss a combination of conductive and sensorineural hearing loss. This means that there may be damage in the outer or middle ear and in the inner ear (cochlea) or auditory nerve.
How old are your ears? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VxcbppCX6 Rk
Hearing Loss simulator https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TD5E88fFnxE ACTIVITY 1: Hearing Simulations List emotions that you were feeling as you tried to listen to the hearing loss simulations. Did you notice any changes in your body language and/or temperament? What challenges do you think you would face if you had a hearing loss?
ACTIVITY 2: Unfair Spelling Test Were you frustrated as you took the unfair spelling test? If so, describe the challenges you faced taking the test. What would have helped you hear/understand the words better? How would you change your spelling tests for students who are hearing impaired?
Unfair spelling Test http://podcasts.milwaukee.k12.wi.us//blojsom_ resources/meta/805/Unfair%20Spelling%20Test. mp3
Hearing Aids small electronic devices that amplify sound. Hearing aids aren't effective for everyone. Hair cells in the inner ear must pick up the vibrations that the hearing aid sends and convert those vibrations into nerve signals. So, you need to have at least some hair cells in the inner ear for it to work. And, even if some hair cells remain, a hearing aid won't completely restore normal hearing.
Hearing aids are fairly simple devices, consisting of four basic parts: A microphone picks up sound from the environment and converts it into an electrical signal, which it sends to the amplifier. An amplifier increases the volume of the sound and sends it to the receiver. A receiver/speaker changes the electrical signal back into sound and sends it into the ear. Then those impulses are sent to the brain. A battery provides power to the hearing aid.
Cochlear Implants Cochlear implants work better in people with more severe ear damage because they bypass the damaged parts of the ear and send the sound information -- as electrical signals -- directly to the auditory nerve.
Parts of a cochlear implant CI have 2 main parts: the processor-the part outside of the body that picks up sounds the implant-inside the body. Receives signals and sends them to the hearing nerves.
How a cochlear implant works https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m3Vuxadw nOQ
Cochlear Implants Simulation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SpKKYBkJ 9Hw
