Ear Tumors and Cholesteatoma: Causes, Symptoms, and Management
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Tumors in ear
Glomus tumor
Tumor arises from specialized structures behind the
eardrum
Glomus tympanicum – limited to the ear
Glomus jugulare – spread into the neck
Its consider as an benign and slow growing but can
destroy vital functions of ear, paralyze the face
Surgical excision is curable surgery.
Acoustic neuroma (vestibular schwannoma)
Most common lesion affecting the inner ear
Benign tumor of the eight cranial nerve
Slow growing lesion that occur in any age
Unilateral
The tumor grows at the point where cranial nerve
VIII enters the internal auditory canal and extend
into the brainstem.
Common in women (30 to 60 years of age)
Pathophysiology
Acoustic neuromas arise from the neurilemmal sheath
(sheath of schwann) along the vestibular branch of
vestibulocochlear nerve
Spread to the cochlear branch
Grow and compress the facial nerve and arteries
Extend intracranially
Hearing and facial nerve function reduced
Signs and symptoms
Tinnitus
Vertigo
Progressive unilateral loss of ability to hear
Disorders of facial nerve – impaired movement and
muscle weakness over face, drooping of lower eyelid
Taste sensation may also be impaired.
Management
Surgical excision - neurosurgeon
CT scan is used to rule out the size of tumor
The size more than 2 cm can leads to impaired
hearing and facial nerve damage.
cholesteatoma
An abnormal skin growth in the middle ear behind
the eardrum is called cholesteatoma
It often develop as a cyst or pouch that shed layers of
old skin, which build up inside the middle ear
It can increase in size and destroy the surrounding
structures
Causes
Due to poor Eustachian tube functioning
Infection in the middle ear
Or congenital
Pathophysiology
Altered functioning of Eustachian tube or Incase of
Allergy, a cold , or sinusitis
Air in the middle ear is absorbed
Creates a partial vacuum in the ear
Vacuum pressure sucks in a pouch or sac by stretching
the eardrum (especially weekend areas due to previous
infections)
This can later develop into a cyst called cholesteatoma
Signs and symptoms
Drainage of fluid with foul odor
As pouch or sac enlarges – feeling of fullness or
pressure in the ear
Hearing loss
Otalgia
Dizziness or muscle weakness on one side of the face
Treatment
Antibiotics
Ear drops
A complicated cholesteatoma requires surgical
treatment
Cholesteatoma should be surgically removed and a
second surgery should be done to repair the
damaged ear bones and tympanic membrane after 6
to 12 months later.
Mastoidectomy or tympanoplasty used to do to
remove cholesteatoma.
Malignancy of auricle
A.
Squamous cell carcinoma
B.
Melanoma – it’s a type of skin cancer in which
melanocytes (pigment in skin) are affected.
C.
Basal cell carcinoma
These cancers are very rare.
Caused mainly due to increased exposure to sunlight
Prevention can be done by wearing protective cloths
and hats.
Ear tumors such as Glomus tumor and Acoustic neuroma can affect vital functions of the ear, leading to symptoms like tinnitus, vertigo, hearing loss, and facial nerve disorders. Surgical excision is a common treatment method. Cholesteatoma, an abnormal skin growth in the middle ear, can also cause complications. Understanding the causes and symptoms of these conditions is crucial for timely management.
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Presentation Transcript
Glomus tumor Tumor arises from specialized structures behind the eardrum Glomus tympanicum limited to the ear Glomus jugulare spread into the neck Its consider as an benign and slow growing but can destroy vital functions of ear, paralyze the face Surgical excision is curable surgery.
Acoustic neuroma (vestibular schwannoma) Most common lesion affecting the inner ear Benign tumor of the eight cranial nerve Slow growing lesion that occur in any age Unilateral The tumor grows at the point where cranial nerve VIII enters the internal auditory canal and extend into the brainstem. Common in women (30 to 60 years of age)
Pathophysiology Acoustic neuromas arise from the neurilemmal sheath (sheath of schwann) along the vestibular branch of vestibulocochlear nerve Spread to the cochlear branch Grow and compress the facial nerve and arteries Extend intracranially Hearing and facial nerve function reduced
Signs and symptoms Tinnitus Vertigo Progressive unilateral loss of ability to hear Disorders of facial nerve impaired movement and muscle weakness over face, drooping of lower eyelid Taste sensation may also be impaired.
Management Surgical excision - neurosurgeon CT scan is used to rule out the size of tumor The size more than 2 cm can leads to impaired hearing and facial nerve damage.
cholesteatoma An abnormal skin growth in the middle ear behind the eardrum is called cholesteatoma It often develop as a cyst or pouch that shed layers of old skin, which build up inside the middle ear It can increase in size and destroy the surrounding structures
Causes Due to poor Eustachian tube functioning Infection in the middle ear Or congenital
Pathophysiology Altered functioning of Eustachian tube or Incase of Allergy, a cold , or sinusitis Air in the middle ear is absorbed Creates a partial vacuum in the ear Vacuum pressure sucks in a pouch or sac by stretching the eardrum (especially weekend areas due to previous infections) This can later develop into a cyst called cholesteatoma
Signs and symptoms Drainage of fluid with foul odor As pouch or sac enlarges feeling of fullness or pressure in the ear Hearing loss Otalgia Dizziness or muscle weakness on one side of the face
Treatment Antibiotics Ear drops A complicated cholesteatoma requires surgical treatment Cholesteatoma should be surgically removed and a second surgery should be done to repair the damaged ear bones and tympanic membrane after 6 to 12 months later. Mastoidectomy or tympanoplasty used to do to remove cholesteatoma.
Malignancy of auricle A. Squamous cell carcinoma B. Melanoma it s a type of skin cancer in which melanocytes (pigment in skin) are affected. C. Basal cell carcinoma These cancers are very rare. Caused mainly due to increased exposure to sunlight Prevention can be done by wearing protective cloths and hats.
