Plant Cell Growth Mechanisms
Plant Growth
Specialized Cells
Guard Cells
Guard cells create openings in the
cuticle which allow gases (CO
2
) to
enter the leaf for use in
photosynthesis. These openings
are called
stomata
.
Guard cells can change their
shape to open and close the
opening.
Specialized Cells
The majority of stomata are
located on the underside of leaves
to reduce water loss (through
evaporation) and allowing the
upper surface of the leaf to be
used for photosynthesis.
Meristematic Cells
Animals have
stem cells
that can
differentiate into all the cells in
our bodies.
Plants have a similar type of cell
called
meristematic cells
.
These cells have the ability to
differentiate into specialized
tissues.
Meristematic Cells
Meristematic cells are the only cells in
plants that will continue to divide
throughout the life of the plant.
These cells are only located in a few spots
in the plant
The apical meristem tissue
The lateral meristem tissue
Apical Meristems
Apical meristem tissue is located at the tip of the roots and
shoots. This type of tissue allows the plant to grow taller.
Apical Meristems
Apical meristem cells go
through a 3 step process:
Cell division
Elongation
Maturation
Apical Meristems
As these cells elongate and mature the root is
pushed further into the ground or the shoot
grows further from the stem.
Apical Meristems
As the cells elongate they will differentiate into
different types of cells in dermal, ground or
vascular tissue.
Lateral Meristems
located in the roots and shoots
allows the plant to grow
wider
Lateral Meristems
Lateral Meristems
Two rings of lateral meristem tissue run the
length of roots and shoots
The outer ring produces new epidermal tissue
called
cork
and the inner ring produces new
xylem
towards the inside of the stem and
phloem
towards the outside.
The cork and phloem form the
bark
of trees and
the xylem produces the rings we use to tell how
old a tree is.
Lateral Meristems
Plant Reproduction
Because of meristematic tissue, some
plants have developed a method of
reproduction that does not require
pollination of the ovule.
Vegetative Reproduction
A plant can produce genetically identical clones by
sending out new shoots or roots from
meristematic tissue, that will grow new roots and
an entire new plant
Example. Strawberry plants
Vegetative Reproduction
Poplar Trees
Vegetative Reproduction
If you cut a stem, root or leaf of a plant
and place it in water, it can eventually
grow new roots and produce a new plant
with identical genetics
Explore the fascinating world of plant cell growth with a focus on specialized cells like guard cells for gas exchange, meristematic cells for differentiation, and apical meristems for plant growth. Learn how stomata function to regulate water loss and support photosynthesis, and uncover the key processes involved in cell division, elongation, and maturation in apical meristems. Discover the essential role of lateral meristems in promoting plant width expansion.
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Presentation Transcript
Specialized Cells Guard Cells Guard cells create openings in the cuticle which allow gases (CO2) to enter the leaf for use in photosynthesis. These openings are called stomata. Guard cells can change their shape to open and close the opening.
Specialized Cells The majority of stomata are located on the underside of leaves to reduce water loss (through evaporation) and allowing the upper surface of the leaf to be used for photosynthesis.
Meristematic Cells Animals have stem cells that can differentiate into all the cells in our bodies. Plants have a similar type of cell called meristematic cells. These cells have the ability to differentiate into specialized tissues.
Meristematic Cells Meristematic cells are the only cells in plants that will continue to divide throughout the life of the plant. These cells are only located in a few spots in the plant The apical meristem tissue The lateral meristem tissue
Apical Meristems Apical meristem tissue is located at the tip of the roots and shoots. This type of tissue allows the plant to grow taller.
Apical Meristems Apical meristem cells go through a 3 step process: Cell division Elongation Maturation
Apical Meristems As these cells elongate and mature the root is pushed further into the ground or the shoot grows further from the stem.
Apical Meristems As the cells elongate they will differentiate into different types of cells in dermal, ground or vascular tissue.
Lateral Meristems located in the roots and shoots allows the plant to grow wider
Lateral Meristems Two rings of lateral meristem tissue run the length of roots and shoots The outer ring produces new epidermal tissue called cork and the inner ring produces new xylem towards the inside of the stem and phloem towards the outside. The cork and phloem form the bark of trees and the xylem produces the rings we use to tell how old a tree is.
Plant Reproduction Because of meristematic tissue, some plants have developed a method of reproduction that does not require pollination of the ovule.
Vegetative Reproduction A plant can produce genetically identical clones by sending out new shoots or roots from meristematic tissue, that will grow new roots and an entire new plant Example. Strawberry plants
Vegetative Reproduction Poplar Trees
Vegetative Reproduction If you cut a stem, root or leaf of a plant and place it in water, it can eventually grow new roots and produce a new plant with identical genetics
