Otitis Media: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
OTITIS MEDIA
I
n
t
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
Otitis media refers to inflammation
of the middle ear.
E
p
i
d
e
m
i
o
l
o
g
y
The peak incidence of otitis media occurs
between six and twelve months of life and
declines after age five. Approximately 80% of
all children will experience a case of otitis
media during their lifetime, and between
80% and 90% of all children will experience
otitis media with an effusion before school
age
E
t
i
o
l
o
g
y
Bacterial causative agents are Streptococcus
pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae , and Moraxella
catarrhalis.
In case of chronic suppurative otitis media, the
causative agents are Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus species, Klebsiella
pneumonia, and diphtheroids .
Viral causative agents are respiratory syncytial virus
(RSV), coronaviruses, influenza viruses, adenoviruses,
human metapneumovirus, and picornaviruses
P
a
t
h
o
p
h
y
s
i
o
l
o
g
y
•
Blockage of eustachian tube by any cause
results into negative pressure build up in the
middle ear space which causes
inflammation of the mucosa membrane
resulting into excessive production of
exudates that causes bulging of the
tympanic membrane.
R
i
s
k
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
•
Immuno suppression in condtitions
•
Family history of OM
•
Anatomic abnormalities of the palate and
tensor veli palatini
•
Cochlear implants
•
Vitamin A deficiency
•
Allergies
T
y
p
e
s
•
Acute otitis
media
lasting for 6 weeks or less.
•
Otitis media with effusion
, is a condition in
which there is fluid in the middle ear, but no
signs of acute infection.
•
Suppurative Chronic otitis
media
is a stage of
ear disease in which there is an on-going
chronic infection of the middle ear associated
with perforated tympanic membrane. It lasts
for more than 6 weeks.
C
l
i
n
i
c
a
l
f
e
a
t
u
r
e
s
•
Earache
•
Hearing loss
•
Pyrexia
•
Tender ear
•
Purulent ear discharge
•
Bulged tympanic membrane
E
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
•
FBP
•
Pus for culture and sensitivity
T
r
e
a
t
m
e
n
t
•
Acute otitis media
•
Antibiotics
•
Analgesics
•
In case of chronic suppurative otitis media:
•
Aural toileting
•
Ear wicking regularly, with a dry cotton wick at home
•
Antibiotics
•
Hydrogen peroxide 3% or Boric acid ear drops
•
Surgical repair of th
e ear drum (Mastoidectomy, Endoscopic
tympanoplasty, Tympano-mastoidectomy, Ossiculoplasty)
C
o
m
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
Intratemporal complications
•
Hearing loss
•
Tympanic membrane
•
Chronic suppurative otitis
media
•
Mastoiditis
•
Inner ear infection
Intracranial complications
•
Meningitis
,
Subdural empyema
,
Brain
abscess
,
Extradural abscess
,
Lateral sinus thrombosis
,
Otitic hydrocephalus
.
P
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
•
Proper ear hygiene
•
Proper treatment of URTI
•
Early repair of nasal anomalies
•
Healthy eating
•
Early diagnosis and treatment
Otitis media is middle ear inflammation commonly affecting children. Peak incidence is between 6-12 months, with bacterial and viral causes. Risk factors include immune suppression, family history of OM, and anatomical abnormalities. Types include acute, with effusion, and chronic suppurative otitis media. Clinical features include earache, hearing loss, and tympanic membrane bulging.
Download Presentation
Please find below an Image/Link to download the presentation.
The content on the website is provided AS IS for your information and personal use only. It may not be sold, licensed, or shared on other websites without obtaining consent from the author. Download presentation by click this link. If you encounter any issues during the download, it is possible that the publisher has removed the file from their server.
E N D
Presentation Transcript
Introduction Introduction Otitis media refers to inflammation of the middle ear.
Epidemiology Epidemiology The peak incidence of otitis media occurs between six and twelve months of life and declines after age five. Approximately 80% of all children will experience a case of otitis media during their lifetime, and between 80% and 90% of all children will experience otitis media with an effusion before school age
Etiology Etiology Bacterial causative agents are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae , and Moraxella catarrhalis. In case of chronic suppurative otitis media, the causative agents are Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus species, Klebsiella pneumonia, and diphtheroids . Viral causative agents are respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), coronaviruses, influenza viruses, adenoviruses, human metapneumovirus, and picornaviruses
Pathophysiology Pathophysiology Blockage of eustachian tube by any cause results into negative pressure build up in the middle ear space which causes inflammation of the mucosa membrane resulting into excessive production of exudates that causes bulging of the tympanic membrane.
Risk factors Risk factors Immuno suppression in condtitions Family history of OM Anatomic abnormalities of the palate and tensor veli palatini Cochlear implants Vitamin A deficiency Allergies
Types Types Acute otitis media lasting for 6 weeks or less. Otitis media with effusion, is a condition in which there is fluid in the middle ear, but no signs of acute infection. Suppurative Chronic otitis media is a stage of ear disease in which there is an on-going chronic infection of the middle ear associated with perforated tympanic membrane. It lasts for more than 6 weeks.
Clinical features Clinical features Earache Hearing loss Pyrexia Tender ear Purulent ear discharge Bulged tympanic membrane
Evaluation Evaluation FBP Pus for culture and sensitivity
Treatment Treatment Acute otitis media Antibiotics Analgesics In case of chronic suppurative otitis media: Aural toileting Ear wicking regularly, with a dry cotton wick at home Antibiotics Hydrogen peroxide 3% or Boric acid ear drops Surgical repair of the ear drum (Mastoidectomy, Endoscopic tympanoplasty, Tympano-mastoidectomy, Ossiculoplasty)
Complications Complications Intratemporal complications Hearing loss Tympanic membrane Chronic suppurative otitis media Mastoiditis Inner ear infection Intracranial complications Meningitis,Subdural empyema, Brain abscess,Extradural abscess,Lateral sinus thrombosis, Otitic hydrocephalus.
Prevention Prevention Proper ear hygiene Proper treatment of URTI Early repair of nasal anomalies Healthy eating Early diagnosis and treatment
