Organisational Transformation of Supply and Demand in Food and Beverages Industry During Covid-19 Pandemic

This paper presents a case study on the organisational transformation of supply and demand in the food and beverages sector of the hospitality industry during the Covid-19 pandemic. It explores the impact on employee profiles, research findings, and action plans in Europe, Cyprus, and Greece. The study highlights the challenges and opportunities faced by the industry, including changes in the number of employees and accommodation offerings in the region.

• Organisational Transformation
• Supply and Demand
• Food and Beverages Industry
• Covid-19 Pandemic
• Hospitality Sector

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1. Examining the Organisational Examining the Organisational T Transformation of Supply and Demand during the Covid ransformation of Supply and Demand during the Covid- - 19 Pandemic. A Case 19 Pandemic. A Case S Study of Food and Beverages in the Hospitality tudy of Food and Beverages in the Hospitality I Industry ndustry Dr Eirini Daskalaki eirini@akc.cy Dr Denis Hyams-Ssekasi dh4@bolton.ac.uk Dr Dimitris Koutoulas koutoulas@upatras.gr Paper presented at the X Jubilee Scientific Conference: International Technology Cooperation, Trade and Innovation in Supply Chain after the Covid-19 Pandemic 27/5/22 Budva, Montenegro

2. Preamble Preamble Background of employees Countries' profiles Research methods Research findings Action plan Limitations Daskalaki, Daskalaki, Hyams Hyams- -Ssekasi Ssekasi & & Koutoulas Koutoulas 2

3. Number of Employees in Accommodation & Food & Beverage (F&B) Number of Employees in Accommodation & Food & Beverage (F&B) Industry in Europe, Cyprus & Greece Industry in Europe, Cyprus & Greece The food and beverage industry remains the largest employer in the manufacturing sector, employing almost five million people, that is about 16.5% of the total workforce in the European industry (Foundation for Economic and Industrial Research, 2020, p. 37). Number of Employees in the F&B Number of Employees in the F&B Industry Industry Number of Employees in Accommodation Number of Employees in Accommodation & F&B Industry & F&B Industry Year 2018 2019 Europe 10.7 million Year 2018 Cyprus 48,051 Greece 499,000 15.9 million 2019 50,465 546,944 Eurostat, 2020 Statista, 2022 Daskalaki Daskalaki, , Hyams Hyams- -Ssekasi Ssekasi & & Koutoulas Koutoulas 3

4. Cyprus Profile Cyprus Profile Cyprus is the third largest island in the Mediterranean sea after Sicily and Sardinia, and has 648 km of coastline There are about 814 hotels in Cyprus. The districts of Famagusta Famagusta and Paphos together constitute over two-thirds of the accommodation offer ( (63 capacity). Famagusta Famagusta is the district with the highest bed whereas Paphos Paphos has the greatest number of accommodation units ( (33 (THR, 2017, p.32) Paphos 63, ,8 8% % of total bed capacity ( (41 41, ,3 3% %) ) 33, ,8 8% %) ) Daskalaki, Daskalaki, Hyams Hyams- -Ssekasi Ssekasi & & Koutoulas Koutoulas 4

5. Greece Profile Greece Profile Greece coastline on the Mediterranean Basin, featuring thousands of islands has the longest There are about 9 9, ,745 with approximately rooms and 781 country, mainly concentrated ( (85 85% %) ) in Crete, South Aegean, Central Macedonia and the Ionian islands (Statista, 2021) 745 hotels hotels 405k beds in the 781k k beds Daskalaki Daskalaki, , Hyams Hyams- -Ssekasi Ssekasi & & Koutoulas Koutoulas 5

6. Importance of Food & Beverages Importance of Food & Beverages F&B industry is one of the business pillars of both Greek and Cypriot manufacturers F&B industry highlights the importance of high-quality products and the need for promotions in the international markets F&B is perceived as a business activity and a prominent investment as well as an economic growth in Greece and Cyprus In relation to Greece this can be improved and become even more effective through the coordinated cooperation of its representatives and competent bodies (Konstantinidis et al., 2021) Daskalaki, Hyams Daskalaki, Hyams- -Ssekasi & Koutoulas Ssekasi & Koutoulas 6

7. Research Methods Research Methods Hotels were selected in relation to their functionality and star ratings (3*4*5*) Both hotels and restaurants were chosen based on their geographical location 21 semi-structured interviews were conducted with hotel management staff across different departments and solo restaurants Data were analysed using thematic analysis Daskalaki Daskalaki, , Hyams Hyams- -Ssekasi Ssekasi & & Koutoulas Koutoulas 7

8. Hotels/Restaurants under Research in Cyprus Hotels/Restaurants under Research in Cyprus Positions Positions Hotel Star Hotel Star Number of Number of Interviewees Interviewees 3 Region Region Category/Restaurant Category/Restaurant 4 General Manager Famagusta (Ayia Napa) Assistant Operations Manager F&B Manager F&B Manager 4 4 5 1 1 1 Famagusta (Protaras) Famagusta (Ayia Napa) Famagusta (Ayia Napa) Performance & Quality Manager Purchasing Manager Bar Manager 5 1 Famagusta (Ayia Napa) 5 5 1 1 Famagusta (Ayia Napa) Famagusta (Ayia Napa) Operations Manager _ 2 Famagusta (Protaras) Daskalaki Daskalaki, , Hyams Hyams- -Ssekasi Ssekasi & & Koutoulas Koutoulas 8

9. Hotels/Restaurants under Research in Greece Hotels/Restaurants under Research in Greece Positions Positions Hotel Star Hotel Star Number of Number of Interviewees Interviewees Region Region Category/Restaurant Category/Restaurant General Manager 4 2 Cyclades (Paros) Operations Manager & F&B Manager F&B Manager 4 1 Crete (Heraklion) 4 1 Crete (Chania) General Manager 5 1 Cyclades (Ios) Operations Manager & F&B Manager Director of Hotel Operations & F&B Manager F&B Manager Operation Managers 5 1 Crete (Heraklion) 5 1 Athens 5 - 1 2 Cyclades (Paros) Crete (Chania) Daskalaki Daskalaki, , Hyams Hyams- -Ssekasi Ssekasi & & Koutoulas Koutoulas 9

10. Research Interview Questions Research Interview Questions Period of the year that most popular products purchased Criteria chosen for collaboration with suppliers Buying behavior during the pandemic Standards of product delivery Demand of quality products Customer perception of service provision Different actions for the purchase of food & beverages Future supply of food & beverages Daskalaki Daskalaki, , Hyams Hyams- -Ssekasi Ssekasi & & Koutoulas Koutoulas 10

11. Research Findings Research Findings Popular Popular Products Products during MAP (masks, disinfectants, gloves, antibacterial chemicals) Staff uniforms in quarantine rooms Plexiglass Safe pass Products that had to do with personal hygiene like masks, gloves, disinfectants (Assistant Hotel Manager, 4-star Hotel, Ayia Napa, CY) MAP (masks, gloves, antiseptics in small bottles for in-room use, staff uniforms for quarantine rooms) (Director of Hotel Operations & Food & Beverage Manager, 5- star Hotel, Athens, GR) during Covid Covid- -19 19 Daskalaki, Daskalaki, Hyams Hyams- -Ssekasi Ssekasi & & Koutoulas Koutoulas 11

12. Quality Quality Standards Standards Choice of suppliers Food & safety standards Health and safety Individual packaged items Just in time delivery Approved suppliers, based on ISO, price and HACCP standards (General Manager, 4-star Hotel, Ayia Napa, CY) Adherence to health measures (Operations Manager & F&B Manager, 4-star Hotel, Crete, GR) Reliability, consistency on delivery, price, quality, delivery times (Operations Manager, Restaurant, Protaras, CY) Daskalaki, Daskalaki, Hyams Hyams- -Ssekasi Ssekasi & & Koutoulas Koutoulas 12

13. Sustainability Sustainability Healthier food options Pre-cooked food Minimization of food wastage Eco-friendly products Larger emphasis on the quality of food, preferring healthier options and higher quality of food food waste was also lower, thus in 2020, our food cost dropped by 15-20% (Operations Manager & F&B Manager, 4-star Hotel, Crete, GR) More eco-friendly products (e.g. disposable plastics), better quality and not necessarily the lowest price (Director of Hotel Operations & F&B Manager, 5- star Hotel, Athens, GR) Daskalaki, Daskalaki, Hyams Hyams- -Ssekasi Ssekasi & & Koutoulas Koutoulas 13

14. Digital Technology Digital Technology QR code reader Touch free digital menu Suitepads Contactless payments New habits and preferences by hotel guests: QR codes and other touch-less service delivery (Operations Manager & F&B Manager, 4-star Hotel, Crete, GR) We introduced Suite Pads in the rooms for allowing touch-free ordering of room service and other several other services. We saw an increase in in-room ordering (General Manager, 4-star Hotel, Athens, GR) Daskalaki, Daskalaki, Hyams Hyams- -Ssekasi Ssekasi & & Koutoulas Koutoulas 14

15. Action Plan Action Plan Reputable supplier Purchase order controls Product digitalization Certified sellers More automated-impersonal ordering Daskalaki, Daskalaki, Hyams Hyams- -Ssekasi Ssekasi & & Koutoulas Koutoulas 15

16. Limitations of the Study Limitations of the Study The number of interviewees A wide range of European countries Daskalaki, Hyams-Ssekasi & Koutoulas 16

17. Daskalaki, Hyams Daskalaki, Hyams- -Ssekasi & Koutoulas Ssekasi & Koutoulas 17

18. References References Eurostat, 2022. Accommodation and food service statistics. [Online]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics- explained/index.php?title=Accommodation_and_food_service_statistics_-_NACE_Rev._2&oldid=561754/[Accessed 18/5/22] Foundation for Economic and Industrial Research (2020). Annual exhibition for the Greek food and beverage industry, Foundation for Economic and Industrial Research, Athens, (7)6. Innovative Tourism Advisors, 2017. [Online]. Cyprus tourism strategy 2030: Executive summary. [Online]. Available at: http://www.mcit.gov.cy/mcit/mcit.nsf/CDF3979F7DFBA8BCC22581BC002FCEAB/$file/1%20%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE% AD%CF%84%CE%B7%20THR.pdf [Accessed 20/11/2020]. Konstantinidis, C., Aggelopoulos, S. Tsiouni, M. Rizopoulou, E. 2021. Estimating competitiveness of Greek food and beverage industry: a comparison between Greek flour milling industry and Greek food and beverage industry. EuroMed Journal of Business. Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. 10.1108/EMJB-02-2021-0016. Statista, 2021. Number of hotels and similar accommodation in Cyprus from 2006 to 2019. [Online]. Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/613696/number-of-hotels-and-similar- accommodationscyprus/#:~:text=This%20statistic%20shows%20the%20number,of%20hotels%20amounted%20to%20814. [Accessed 17/5/22] Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1008829/number-of-hotel-rooms-by-destination-in-greece/. [Accessed 17/5/22] 2021. Number of hotel rooms in Greece in 2018, by destination. [Online]. Available at: Statista, 2021. Total number of employees in the accommodation and food service activities industry in Greece from 2010 to 2019. [Online]. Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/385030/number-people-employed-accommodation-food- service-greece/[Accessed 17/5/22] Statista, 2021. Total number of employees in the accommodation and food service activities industry in Cyprus from 2010 to 2019. [Online]. Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/385046/number-people-employed-accommodation-food- service-cyprus/ /[Accessed 18/5/22] Daskalaki, Daskalaki, Hyams Hyams- -Ssekasi Ssekasi & & Koutoulas Koutoulas 18