Michigan Occupant Protection Trends: Insights and Recommendations

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Explore the evolution of occupant protection in Michigan, from historical belt use data to current statistics on front and rear seat belt usage in crashes. Discover implications for safety based on observed trends and self-reported data, along with suggestions for enhancing protection measures.

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Occupant Protection in Michigan: Past, Present, and Future Jim Hedlund, Highway Safety North Jim Hedlund, Highway Safety North Michigan 2020 Traffic Safety Summit Michigan 2020 Traffic Safety Summit Tuesday, Tuesday, March 10, March 10, 2020 2020

In the next 30 minutes Preview: belts work Past: belt use in Michigan since 1984 Present: current status, issues Future: suggestions 2

Preview: belts work Michigan crash data, passenger vehicle occupants age 8 and above 3

Preview: belts work Michigan crash data, passenger vehicle occupants age 8 and above 4

Past: front seat belt use Michigan observational surveys 5

Past: front seat belt use Michigan observational surveys 6

Present: Michigan belt use Observed front seat use, 2019: 94.4% 2018: 93.4%; #8 of 50 states and DC In crashes, 2018: front seat 99.0%, rear seat 90.6% These are largely self-reported Fatalities, 2018: front seat 66.3%, rear seat 58.6% These are observed 10 years, 2009-2018: front seat 64.7%, rear seat 31.1% 10 year unbelted fatalities: 1,695 front seat, 226 rear seat Use rates in crashes exclude unknown belt use 7

Michigan belt use in fatal crashes FARS 2004-2018 8

Michigan belt use in fatal crashes FARS 2004-2018 9

Rear seat belt use 10

Who wears belts in rear seats FARS 2018 50 states and DC 11

Who wears belts in rear seats FARS 2018 12

Michigan 2019 CIOT surveys How often do you wear your belt in the back seat? 400 persons Pre-CIOT Post-CIOT Always 46.6 % 47.6 % Usually 11.8 % 13.3 % Sometimes 8.3 % 9.5 % Rarely 6.0 % 9.0 % Never 22.3 % 18.8 % No response 4.1 % 2.8 % 13

Michigan 2019 Pre-CIOT survey 14

Surveys: what people say Opinion America 2016 15

Surveys: what people say MVOSS 2016 16

For-hire vehicles: Lyft, Uber Lyft and Uber corporate policies encourage but don t require belt use Individual driver policies vary: Sir, you have a choice fasten your seat belt RIGHT NOW and walk. I enforce the law in the state I m in or I stop driving till they comply. Not going to get a ticket because of someone else. I never ask paxs to put on seatbelts Kicking out paxs will result in retaliatory complaints. or get out 17

For-hire vehicles: Lyft, Uber 18

Future: how to increase belt use Persuasion: education, peer pressure, societal norms Compulsion: laws, policies; sanctions Engineering: self-buckling belts, comfort and convenience, belt use reminders 19

Spring 2019 campaign 20

Michigan campaign Click It or Ticket 2019 It s vital that we all buckle up every ride, front seat and back. 21

Rear seat belt laws As of March 2020 20 states and DC with primary laws 10 with secondary laws 20 with no law including Michigan 22

Rear seat belt laws 23

Belt use by law type FARS 2018 24

Belt use by law type FARS 2018 25

Rear seat belt laws Recent changes Maryland secondary law 2013 Utah upgraded secondary to primary 2015 Mississippi primary law 2017 Alabama secondary law 2019 2019 legislative activity Alabama enacted a secondary law 7 of the 20 other states with no rear seat law considered but did not pass a law 2 of the 10 states with a secondary law considered but did not pass a law to upgrade to primary 26

Rear seat belt reminders Front seat reminders required since the 1980s They increase belt use: eliminate the I forgot excuse Rear seat reminders not required Volvo has them, only a few other manufacturers Survey respondents say rear reminders would increase their use Rear reminders required in Europe for new vehicles as of Sept. 2019 Congress instructed NHTSA in 2012 to begin rear reminder rulemaking NPRM for public comment issued Sept. 2019 27

Suggestions for Michigan Increase front seat belt use: the missing 5% Who are they? What can motivate them? Encourage rear seat belt use Especially among those who buckle up in the front seat Include rear seats in belt use and belt law publicity Encourage belt use in Lyft, Uber, and other hired vehicles Enact a rear seat law Support rear seat belt reminders 28