Long-term Variation of Magnet Alignment in SPring-8 Storage Ring

This study focuses on the long-term monitoring and variation of magnet alignment in the SPring-8 storage ring. It includes detailed information on the main events of magnet alignment, monument surveys, magnet installations, and alignment monitoring techniques used over the years at the facility. The intricate process of aligning magnets within the storage ring is crucial for the optimal performance of the synchrotron.

• Magnet Alignment
• SPring-8
• Storage Ring
• Alignment Monitoring
• Monument Survey

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1. Long-term Variation of the Magnet Alignment In SPring-8 Storage Ring Chao ZHANG, Sakuo Matsui JASRI / SPring-8 Main events of magnet alignment Long-term monitoring Variation of magnet alignment 1

2. SPring-8 Site 8GeV Booster 1GeV Linac GeV Storage ring 2

3. SPring-8 Storage Ring Magnets Chasman-Green lattice of 48 cells : Bending : 2 Multipole : 17 on three girders Survey Monument (2) Reference point (6 one cell, total of 288) Magnet alignment tolerances : Girder unit : 0.2 mm Within girder : 50 m 3

4. Main Events of Alignment -Monument survey Main events of magnet alignment 1993/1 First time monuments survey 1994/11 Monument survey inside tunnel 1995/4-1996/3 Ring magnet installation 1996/4 Level survey for whole ring 1996/10 Horizontal survey for whole ring 1997/1 120 angles measured in horizontal 2000/7 Digital level introduced to level survey 2000/7-8 Magnet in long straight sections were rearranged Hydrostatic level system were setup in three places 2005/ 44 angles are added to horizontal survey First time monuments survey 4

5. Main Events of Alignment -Monument survey Main events of magnet alignment 1993/1 First time monuments survey 1994/11 Monument survey inside tunnel 1995/4-1996/3 Ring magnet installation 1996/4 Level survey for whole ring 1996/10 Horizontal survey for whole ring 1997/1 120 angles measured in horizontal 2000/7 Digital level introduced to level survey 2000/7-8 Magnet in long straight sections were rearranged Hydrostatic level system were setup in three places 2005/ 44 angles are added to horizontal survey Monument survey in the tunnel Total points: 192 Distances: 480+24 Angles: 24 Error ellipses: 0.64/0.30 5

6. Main Events of Alignment Magnet installation Main events of magnet alignment 1993/1 First time monuments survey 1994/11 Monument survey inside tunnel 1995/4-1996/3 Ring magnet installation 1996/4 Level survey for whole ring 1996/10 Horizontal survey for whole ring 1997/1 120 angles measured in horizontal 2000/7 Digital level introduced to level survey 2000/7-8 Magnet in long straight sections were rearranged Hydrostatic level system were setup in three places 2005/ 44 angles are added to horizontal survey Total of 88 bendings 816 multipoles on 144 girders 6

7. Main Events of Alignment Level survey Main events of magnet alignment 1993/1 First time monuments survey 1994/11 Monument survey inside tunnel 1995/4-1996/3 Ring magnet installation 1996/4 Level survey for whole ring 1996/10 Horizontal survey for whole ring 1997/1 120 angles measured in horizontal 2000/7 Digital level introduced to level survey 2000/7-8 Magnet in long straight sections were rearranged Hydrostatic level system were setup in three places 2005/ 44 angles are added to horizontal survey Wild N3 std: 0.2mm/1km Dot: Wild N3; Std. (Between units): Error rms (For 1.5km ring): 0.2mm Line: Sight of seeing 0.02mm 7

8. Main Events of Alignment Horizontal survey Main events of magnet alignment 1993/1 First time monuments survey 1994/11 Monument survey inside tunnel 1995/4-1996/3 Ring magnet installation 1996/4 Level survey for whole ring 1996/10 Horizontal survey for whole ring 1997/1 120 angles measured in horizontal 2000/7 Digital level introduced to level survey 2000/7-8 Magnet in long straight sections were rearranged Hydrostatic level system were setup in three places 2005/ 44 angles are added to horizontal survey Line: distance measurement; Circle: station of LT set up. Std. (Between units): 0.05mm Error rms (For 1.5km ring): 0.5mm Horizontal survey for whole ring 8

9. Main Events of Alignment Horizontal survey Displacement of Magnet, 1997/1 2.0 Minimum -0.68 Maximum 1.42 Mean 0.37 Relative.disp. 0.05 Main events of magnet alignment 1993/1 First time monuments survey 1994/11 Monument survey inside tunnel 1995/4-1996/3 Ring magnet installation 1996/4 Level survey for whole ring 1996/10 Horizontal survey for whole ring 1997/1 120 angles measured in horizontal 2000/7 Digital level introduced to level survey 2000/7-8 Magnet in long straight sections were rearranged Hydrostatic level system were setup in three places 2005/ 44 angles are added to horizontal survey 1.5 1.0 Displacement (dx, mm) 0.50 0.0 -0.50 Err. bar -1.0 -1.5 c03c2 c06c2 c09c2 c12c2 c15c2 c18c2 c21c2 c24c2 c27c2 c30c2 c33c2 c36c2 c39c2 c42c2 c45c2 c48c2 Magnet Line: distance measurement; Circle: station of LT set up. Std. (Between units): 0.04mm Error rms (For 1.5km ring): 0.4mm Horizontal survey for whole ring 9

10. Main Events of Alignment Level survey Main events of magnet alignment 1993/1 First time monuments survey 1994/11 Monument survey inside tunnel 1995/4-1996/3 Ring magnet installation 1996/4 Level survey for whole ring 1996/10 Horizontal survey for whole ring 1997/1 120 angles measured in horizontal 2000/7 Introduce digital level to level survey 2000/7-8 Magnet in long straight sections were rearranged Hydrostatic level system were setup in three places 2005/ 44 angles are added to horizontal survey Zeiss DiNi11 std: 0.3mm/1km 10

11. Main Events of Alignment LSS rearrangement Main events of magnet alignment 1993/1 First time monuments survey 1994/11 Monument survey inside tunnel 1995/4-1996/3 Ring magnet installation 1996/4 Level survey for whole ring 1996/10 Horizontal survey for whole ring 1997/1 120 angles measured in horizontal 2000/7 Introduce digital level to level survey 2000/7-8 Magnets in long straight sections were rearranged Hydrostatic level system were setup in three places 2005/ 44 angles are added to horizontal survey Network point 2.4m ID19: 27m-long undulator Storage ring 11

12. Main Events of Alignment HLS system Main events of magnet alignment 1993/1 First time monuments survey 1994/11 Monument survey inside tunnel 1995/4-1996/3 Ring magnet installation 1996/4 Level survey for whole ring 1996/10 Horizontal survey for whole ring 1997/1 120 angles measured in horizontal 2000/7 Introduce digital level to level survey 2000/7-8 Magnets in long straight sections were rearranged 2003/8-2005/3 Hydrostatic level system were set up at 3 places of the tunnel 2005/ 44 angles are added to horizontal survey Hydrostatic level system C08-10 : 50 m C20-25 : 180 m C32-38 : 180 m Irregular noise level: 0.1 m ( 2 e-10 radian resolution) 12

13. Main Events of Alignment Horizontal survey Main events of magnet alignment 1993/1 First time monuments survey 1994/11 Monument survey inside tunnel 1995/4-1996/3 Ring magnet installation 1996/4 Level survey for whole ring 1996/10 Horizontal survey for whole ring 1997/1 120 angles measured in horizontal 2000/7 Introduce digital level to level survey 2000/7-8 Magnets in long straight sections were rearranged 2003/8-2005/3 Hydrostatic level system were set up at 3 places of the tunnel 2005/4 44 angles added to horizontal survey 44 angles with T3000 Accuracy: 0.5 ~1 Ref. Points 385 Distances: 2852 13

14. Long-Term Monitoring Survey result of horizontal Survey Results of Horizotal (1996-2009) 2 1.5 1 Displacement (dx, mm) 0.5 0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 1996 1997 1998 1999 2001 2003 2005 2006 2007 2009 -2 c03c2 c06c2 c09c2 c12c2 c15c2 c18c2 c21c2 c24c2 c27c2 c30c2 c33c2 c36c2 c39c2 c42c2 c45c2 c48c2 Magnet 14

15. Long-Term Monitoring Variance of relative movement We calculate variance function between surveys: + = t x E V ( (( ) ( 1 N 1 2 = + 2 ) ( )) ) ( ) ( ) x t x t x t N v: variance of point s relative movement, averaging over all points in the ring : time delay in year And, examine the dependence of rms relative movement ( ) on time interval time interval count (year) 1 5 2 7 3 4 4 5 5 3 6 4 7 3 8 4 9 3 10 3 11 2 12 1 13 1 = V mag_avg288 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 (mm) 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Time interval (year) 15

16. Long-Term Monitoring Linear weighted moving average The center of gravity of the magnets is considered a good reference and linear weighted moving average is used. m w x + + * i k i k = = k m X i m w + i k = k m Here, we take the weight: = + 1 w m k + i k i: current point m: 2m is averaging length, total number in average around current point That is, current point has maximum weight of m+1. the weight of a point that goes away from current is linear diminished. i x The value of average depends on averaging length. 16

17. Long-Term Monitoring Linear weighted moving average mag_avg96 (480m, 1/3 ring) 1/3ring average (480m) 1.5 0.6 y = 0.26546 + 0.01381x R= 0.90526 1 0.5 0.5 0.4 0 dx (mm) (mm) -0.5 0.3 -1 0.2 1997 2006 2007 1997 2006 2007 -1.5 0.1 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Magnet Interval (year) 17

18. Long-Term Monitoring Variation of magnet alignment mag_avg96 1997 2001 2006 1.5 1998 2003 2007 1999 2005 2009 1 0.5 Displacement (dx, mm) 0 -0.5 2007 -1.16 0.84 0.43 ? 1997 Min ? -0.54 Max ? 0.61 RMS ? 0.30 -1 rms of mag_avg96 0.5 -1.5 0.45 c03c1 c06c1 c09c1 c12c1 c15c1 c18c1 c21c1 c24c1 c27c1 c30c1 c33c1 c36c1 c39c1 c42c1 c45c1 c48c1 0.4 Magnet rms 0.35 0.3 0.25 18 0.2 1997 1998 1999 2001 2003 2005 2006 2007 2009 year

19. Long-Term Monitoring Linear weighted moving average 1/6 ring average (240m) 1/3ring average (480m) 1.5 1.5 1 1 0.5 0.5 0 0 dx (mm) dx (mm) -0.5 -0.5 -1 -1 1997 2006 2007 1997 2006 2007 1997 2006 2007 1997 2006 2007 -1.5 -1.5 -2 -2 Magnet Magnet 4-cell average (120m) 2-cell average (60m) 1.5 1.5 1 1 0.5 0.5 0 0 dx (mm) dx (mm) -0.5 -0.5 -1 -1 -1.5 -1.5 -2 19 -2 Magnet Magnet

20. Long-Term Monitoring Variance of relative movement mag_avg48 (240m) mag_avg96 (480m, 1/3 ring) 0.6 0.35 y = 0.14487 + 0.0088039x R= 0.91569 y = 0.26546 + 0.01381x R= 0.90526 0.3 0.5 0.25 0.4 (mm) (mm) 0.2 0.3 0.15 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.05 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Interval (year) Interval (year) mag_avg24 (120m) mag_avg12 (60m) 0.16 0.12 y = 0.070146 + 0.0065923x R= 0.97484 y = 0.036077 + 0.0059644x R= 0.99319 0.14 0.1 0.12 0.08 (mm) (mm) 0.1 0.06 0.08 0.04 0.06 0.04 0.02 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 20 Interval (year) Interval (year)

21. Long-Term Monitoring Variance of relative movement y = 0.26546 + 0.01381x R= 0.90526 Displacement vs. Time interval: = (0.005+1.9e-5L) T y = 0.14487 + 0.0088039x R= 0.91569 y = 0.070146 + 0.0065923x R= 0.97484 y = 0.036077 + 0.0059644x R= 0.99319 coefficient vs. length 0.3 y = 0.0062609 + 0.00054551x R= 0.99866 y = 0.0044974 + 1.9078e-05x R= 0.99692 0.25 0.2 Coefficient 0.15 offset 0.1 0.05 factor 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Length (m) 21

22. Long-Term Monitoring Variation of magnet alignment mag_avg12 1997 1998 1999 2001 2003 2005 2006 2007 2009 0.4 0.2 Displacement (dx, mm) 0 -0.2 ? 1997 Min? -0.167 Max ? 0.136 RMS 0.05 2009 -0.432 0.345 0.12 -0.4 c03c1 c06c1 c09c1 c12c1 c15c1 c18c1 c21c1 c24c1 c27c1 c30c1 c33c1 c36c1 c39c1 c42c1 c45c1 c48c1 Magnet 22

23. Long-Term Monitoring Survey result of the level Survey Result of the Level (1996-2008) 2 1996 1997 1998 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 1.5 1 Displacement (dy, mm) 0.5 0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 -2 c03c2 c06c2 c09c2 c12c2 c15c2 c18c2 c21c2 c24c2 c27c2 c30c2 c33c2 c36c2 c39c2 c42c2 c45c2 c48c2 Magnet 23

24. Long-Term Monitoring Variance of displacement level_avg192 (960m, 2/3 ring) level_avg144 (720m) 0.35 0.4 y = 0.12429 + 0.023753x R= 0.98223 y = 0.099602 + 0.022217x R= 0.99065 0.35 0.3 0.3 0.25 0.25 (mm) (mm) 0.2 0.2 0.15 0.15 0.1 0.1 0.05 0.05 0 2 4 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 8 10 year year level_avg72 (360m) level_avg36 (180m) 0.3 0.25 y = 0.057885 + 0.022288x R= 0.99651 y = 0.04358 + 0.017857x R= 0.9921 0.25 0.2 0.2 (mm) (mm) 0.15 0.15 0.1 0.1 0.05 0.05 24 0 2 4 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 8 10 year year

25. Long-Term Monitoring Variance of displacement y = 0.12429 + 0.023753x R= 0.98223 Displacement vs. Time interval: = (0.02+6.05e-6L) T y = 0.099602 + 0.022217x R= 0.99065 y = 0.057885 + 0.022288x R= 0.99651 y = 0.04358 + 0.017857x R= 0.9921 Coefficient vs. Length 0.14 y = 0.02274 + 0.00010565x R= 0.99842 0.12 y = 0.018142 + 6.0503e-06x R= 0.8299 0.1 Coefficient 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 Length (m) 25

26. Long-Term Monitoring Variation of magnets level level_avg192 (2/3 ring) 1.5 rms of level_avg192 0.45 1996 1997 1998 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 ? 1997 Min ? -0.34 Max ? 0.24 RMS? 0.10 ? 2008 -1.08 1.31 0.42 0.4 0.35 0.3 1 rms 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.5 0.05 Displacement (dy, mm) 1997 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 year 0 -0.5 RF pit underpass transport line hill removed undergroud -1 ground refilled underpass area RF pit boundary RF pit area building -1.5 c03c1 c06c1 c09c1 c12c1 c15c1 c18c1 c21c1 c24c1 c27c1 c30c1 c33c1 c36c1 c39c1 c42c1 c45c1 c48c1 Magnet 26

27. Long-Term Monitoring Variation of magnet alignment level_avg36 (6-cell, 180m) 1 2008 -1.07 0.61 0.24 ? 1997 Min ? -0.26 Max ? 0.17 RMS? 0.08 0.5 Displacement (dy, mm) 0 -0.5 -1 1996 1997 1998 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 -1.5 c06b2 c12a2 c17c2 c23b2 c29a2 c34c2 c40b2 c46a2 Magnet 27

28. Long-Term Monitoring Variation of magnet tilt tilt_1996 Minimum? -92 Maximum? 141 Mean ? 5 RMS? 27 400 200 Tilt_1996 (urad) 0 -200 -400 7 years 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 rad ? tilt_2003 Min ? -235 Max ? 590 RMS? 68 400 200 tilt_2003 (urad) 0 -200 -400 6 years ? Deviation Minimum? -421 Maximum? 270 Mean? -30 RMS? 78 400 200 Tilt_2009 (urad) 0 -200 28 -400 Number

29. Long-Term MonitoringLinearity of magnet within girder 150 250 ? x? y Minimum? -63 ? -59 Maximum? 148 ? 83 Mean? 7.? -7. RMS? 18.? 17. QS_1996 100 y 200 50 150 0 dy (um) dx (um) 100 -50 50 -100 0 -150 -50 -200 x -250 -100 7 years: 150 250 ? x? y Minimum? -56 ? -143 Maximum? 210? 106 Mean ? 8.? -16. RMS? 25.? 30. QS_2003 x: 7 m y: 13 m 100 200 y 50 150 0 100 -50 dy dx 50 -100 0 -150 -50 -200 x -250 150 -100 250 6 years: x: 1 m y: 13 m ? x? y Minimum? -70 -212 Maximum ? 226? 129 Mean ? 2? -26 RMS? 26.? 43. QS_2010 100 200 y(um) 50 150 0 dy (um) 100 dx (um) -50 50 -100 0 -150 -50 -200 x(um) -100 -250 29 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Magnet No.

30. CONCLUSION linear weighted moving average is used as reference for extracting magnet displacement, And mean relative movement of magnets could be approximately modeled as = (A1+A2L) T A1represents constant factor, and A2is the factor of length dependence. In horizontal plane, Deterioration rate is 0.014mm/year RMS relative displacement varies 0.05 - 0.12 mm, for an inspection range of 60 meters. In vertical plane, Deterioration rate is 0.024mm/year RMS relative displacement varies from 0.08 - 0.24mm for the range of 180 meters. Rolling of magnets are changed from 27 - 68 rad (rms) in first 7 years, but following 6 years had no variance. Linearity of magnets within girder varied from 8 m in vertical , While there is almost no change in horizontal after 2003, By contrast vertical seems making a constant progress of 2 m/year. Because the variation of magnet alignment is very small, we didn t adjust any magnet for thirteen years. 30