Influencing Employee Behavior for Safety and Performance Improvement

Understand how safety behavior is
shaped
Analyze employee behavior
Pinpoint, observe, and measure specific
behaviors
Provide positive feedback
Use positive reinforcement successfully to
improve safety performance
ABC Analysis
Antecedents, Behavior, Consequences
Types of consequences
How to strengthen consequences
Pinpointing, observation and
measurement
Feedback and goal setting
Types of positive reinforcement
Reinforcement mistakes
Jobs get done faster
Perception that risk is low
“Nothing is going to happen to me”
attitude
At-risk behavior is reinforced
Lack of awareness that behavior is risky
Antecedent
Behavior
Consequences
Prompt people to act
Precede the behavior
Communicate information
Work best with consequences
Work only in short term if no
consequences
Stronger than antecedents
“Consequences” has negative connotation
Positive consequences change behavior
Consequences strengthen or weaken
behavior
Four categories of consequences
Punishment
Extinction
Negative Reinforcement
Positive Reinforcement
Getting what you don’t want
Criticism, injury, written warning
Stops unwanted behavior
Is not getting what you want
Is no recognition, no acknowledgement
Often decreases wanted or safe
behavior
Can cause safe performers to slip
Not getting what you don’t want
Avoiding criticism, unpleasant tasks, or
accidents
Performing desired behavior to avoid
punishment
Performing desired behavior only when
boss is watching
Getting what you want
Acknowledgement, recognition, better
work assignments
Maintains or increases desired behavior
Gives discretionary effort (more than
asked)
Behavior occurs more frequently
Results of the consequences
How employee receives it
Behavior increasing
Behavior decreasing
Type – positive or negative
When – immediate or future
Probability – certain or uncertain
Most powerful – both immediate and
certain
Moderately powerful – either immediate
or certain
Least powerful – both future and
uncertain
Describe the behavior
List all antecedents and consequences
and describe strength of consequence
Determine which consequences are
motivating behavior
Solution to problem behavior – make
weak consequences strong
Do you understand the information
presented in the previous slides?
Measurable
Observable
Reliable
Controllable
Observation checklist
Spot check behaviors
If safe behavior, mark “safe”
In unsafe behavior, mark “unsafe”
Turn card in
Records observations and analyzes
Uses objective measurement
Measures safety process, not just results
Gives feedback to employees and
capture small improvements
Is specific about performance and
becomes positive reinforcement
Be specific
Be sincere
Deliver immediately
Be personal
Don’t use “but” or “however”
Don’t ignore unsafe behavior
Acknowledge small improvements
Be objective
Be specific
Use a questioning approach
Use a 4:1 ration
Past performance or baseline
Current goals
Presented and discussed frequently
Short-term and achievable
Employee input
More opportunities for positive
reinforcement
Social reinforcement
Written
Verbal
Physical
Smile
Humor
Time or attention
 Just say “Thank you”
Tangible reinforcement
Food
Gifts
Certificates
Privileges
Money
Anchor the memory
Be spontaneous
Discuss behavior
Different tangibles
Avoid high-value tangibles
Do not overuse tangibles
Do you understand the information
presented in the previous slides?
Too much positive reinforcement
Expecting behavior to change too soon
Reinforcement before behavior
Giving unearned positive reinforcement
Learn how to use consequences effectively
Analyze safety behavior with the ABC
model
Pinpoint behaviors and make observations
Study collected data to measure results
objectively
Give positive feedback for safe
performance and corrective feedback for
unsafe behavior
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Understand the factors influencing employee behavior related to safety, learn how to change behaviors to prevent accidents and illnesses, and improve overall performance. Explore concepts like ABC analysis, consequences, positive reinforcement, and the ABC model to effectively shape and reinforce desired behaviors in the workplace.


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  1. BEHAVIOR-BASED SAFETY What influences employee behavior and how can you change that behavior to prevent accidents and illness. By the way, everything you learn in this session can be used to influence employee behavior in other ways as well. Presented by: Harry Cheff, CSRM and Annette Satterly, MS, CIC, CRM, CIC

  2. Session Objectives Understand how safety behavior is shaped Analyze employee behavior Pinpoint, observe, and measure specific behaviors Provide positive feedback Use positive reinforcement successfully to improve safety performance

  3. What You Need to Know ABC Analysis Antecedents, Behavior, Consequences Types of consequences How to strengthen consequences Pinpointing, observation and measurement Feedback and goal setting Types of positive reinforcement Reinforcement mistakes

  4. Why Employees Engage in At-Risk Behaviors Jobs get done faster Perception that risk is low Nothing is going to happen to me attitude At-risk behavior is reinforced Lack of awareness that behavior is risky

  5. ABC Model Antecedent Behavior Consequences

  6. Antecedents Prompt people to act Precede the behavior Communicate information Work best with consequences Work only in short term if no consequences

  7. Consequences Stronger than antecedents Consequences has negative connotation Positive consequences change behavior Consequences strengthen or weaken behavior Four categories of consequences Punishment Extinction Negative Reinforcement Positive Reinforcement

  8. Punishment Getting what you don t want Criticism, injury, written warning Stops unwanted behavior

  9. Extinction Is not getting what you want Is no recognition, no acknowledgement Often decreases wanted or safe behavior Can cause safe performers to slip

  10. Negative Reinforcement Not getting what you don t want Avoiding criticism, unpleasant tasks, or accidents Performing desired behavior to avoid punishment Performing desired behavior only when boss is watching

  11. Positive Reinforcement Getting what you want Acknowledgement, recognition, better work assignments Maintains or increases desired behavior Gives discretionary effort (more than asked) Behavior occurs more frequently

  12. Examine the Behavior Results of the consequences How employee receives it Behavior increasing Behavior decreasing

  13. Strength of Consequences Type positive or negative When immediate or future Probability certain or uncertain

  14. Powerful Consequences Most powerful both immediate and certain Moderately powerful either immediate or certain Least powerful both future and uncertain

  15. ABC Analysis Describe the behavior List all antecedents and consequences and describe strength of consequence Determine which consequences are motivating behavior Solution to problem behavior make weak consequences strong

  16. Behavioral Safety Basic Do you understand the information presented in the previous slides?

  17. Pinpointing Behavior Measurable Observable Reliable Controllable

  18. Behavior Observation Observation checklist Spot check behaviors If safe behavior, mark safe In unsafe behavior, mark unsafe Turn card in Observations Feedback Safe Unsafe Positive Corrective Comments Pinpoint 1 xxx xx xxx x Pinpoint 2 x xxx x xxx Pinpoint 3 xxx x xxx x

  19. Measurement Records observations and analyzes Uses objective measurement Measures safety process, not just results Gives feedback to employees and capture small improvements Is specific about performance and becomes positive reinforcement

  20. Positive Verbal Feedback Be specific Be sincere Deliver immediately Be personal Don t use but or however

  21. Corrective Verbal Feedback Don t ignore unsafe behavior Acknowledge small improvements Be objective Be specific Use a questioning approach Use a 4:1 ration

  22. Graphic Feedback Past performance or baseline Current goals Presented and discussed frequently

  23. Goal Setting Short-term and achievable Employee input More opportunities for positive reinforcement

  24. Types of Positive Reinforcement Social reinforcement Written Verbal Physical Smile Humor Time or attention Just say Thank you

  25. Types of Positive Reinforcement Tangible reinforcement Food Gifts Certificates Privileges Money

  26. Using Tangibles Anchor the memory Be spontaneous Discuss behavior Different tangibles Avoid high-value tangibles Do not overuse tangibles

  27. Reinforcement Do you understand the information presented in the previous slides?

  28. Reinforcement Mistakes Too much positive reinforcement Expecting behavior to change too soon Reinforcement before behavior Giving unearned positive reinforcement

  29. Key Points to Remember Learn how to use consequences effectively Analyze safety behavior with the ABC model Pinpoint behaviors and make observations Study collected data to measure results objectively Give positive feedback for safe performance and corrective feedback for unsafe behavior

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