Essential Elements of Highway Transportation: Parking Facilities
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Lecture. Dr. Rana Amir Yousif
Lecture. Dr. Sady Abd Tayh
Civil Engineering
Al-Mustansiriyah University
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References:
References:
Nicholas J. Garber and Lester A. Hoel.”Traffic and Highway
Engineering”, Fourth Edition.
Yoder; E. J. and M. W. Witczak, “Principles of Pavement
Design”, A Wiley- Interscience Publication, John Wiley &
Sons Inc., U.S.A., 1975.
Yaug H. Huang, “Pavement Analysis and Design”, Prentic
Hall Inc., U.S.A., 1993.
“AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures 1993”,
AASHTO, American Association of State Highway and
Transportation Officials, U.S.A., 1993.
Oglesby Clarkson H., “Highway Engineering”, John Wiley &
Sons Inc., U.S.A., 1975.
Any vehicle traveling on a highway will at one time or another
be parked for either relatively shorter time or much longer time,
depending on the reason of parking.
The provision of parking facilities is therefore an essential
element of the highway transportation.
The need for parking spaces is usually in areas where land uses
include:
Residential,
Commercial,
Shopping centers, and
Etc.
Parking facilities
can be divided
On-street parking
(curb parking)
Off-street parking
Off-street Parking:
Off-street Parking:
This facilities may be privately or publicly
This facilities may be privately or publicly
owned.
owned.
Surface parking.
Surface parking.
Multistory garage.
Multistory garage.
Under ground garage.
Under ground garage.
1. A space-hour:
1. A space-hour:
define the use of a single space for
period of 1 hr.
2. Parking volume:
2. Parking volume:
total number of vehicles that park
in a study area during specific length of the time,
usually a day.
3. Parking accumulation:
3. Parking accumulation:
is the number of parked
vehicles in a study area at any specific time.
4. The Parking Load:
4. The Parking Load:
The area under the
accumulation curve between two specific times. It
is usually gives as the number of space-hours used
during the specified period of time.
5. Parking duration:
5. Parking duration:
The length of time a vehicles
is parked at a parking bay (minutes or hour)
.
6. Parking
6. Parking
turnover
turnover
:
:
is the rate of use of a parking
space and is obtained by dividing the parking
volume for a specified period by the number of
parking spaces
N
N
TR =
TR =
STs
STs
TR:
TR:
Parking turnover rate (veh./space/hr).
N:
N:
total number of vehicles parked.
S:
S:
total number of parking spaces.
Ts:
Ts:
duration of the study period(hr).
7. Occupancy:
7. Occupancy:
Proportion spaces utilized at any
movement.
Occupancy=
Occupancy=
Accumulation/total
Accumulation/total
spaces
spaces
Solution:
Solution:
Calculate the space-hours of demand using
Calculate the space-hours of demand using
Commuters now being served= 0.6*200*9=
Commuters now being served= 0.6*200*9=
1080
1080
space-hr.
space-hr.
Shoppers now being served= 0.4*200*2=
Shoppers now being served= 0.4*200*2=
160
160
space-hr.
space-hr.
Total number of vehicles turned away =(200/0.8)-200=
Total number of vehicles turned away =(200/0.8)-200=
50
50
.
.
Commuters not being served= 0.2*50*9=
Commuters not being served= 0.2*50*9=
90
90
space-hr.
space-hr.
Shoppers not being served= 0.8*50*2=
Shoppers not being served= 0.8*50*2=
80
80
space-hr
space-hr
Total space-hrs of demand =(1080+160+90+80) =
Total space-hrs of demand =(1080+160+90+80) =
1410
1410
.
.
Total space-hrs served =(1080+160) =
Total space-hrs served =(1080+160) =
1240
1240
.
.
Number of space-hours required = 1410-1240 =
Number of space-hours required = 1410-1240 =
170
170
.
.
The number of parking spaces required
The number of parking spaces required
=
=
170
170
space-hr.
space-hr.
Length time that each space can legally parked 8:00a.m. through 6:00p.m. =
Length time that each space can legally parked 8:00a.m. through 6:00p.m. =
10
10
hr.
hr.
0.8*10*N= 170
0.8*10*N= 170
N= 21.25
N= 21.25
22
22
At least 22 additional spaces will be required , since a fraction of a space cannot be
At least 22 additional spaces will be required , since a fraction of a space cannot be
used.
used.
The necessity of parking facilities for vehicles on highways is highlighted in this lecture, emphasizing the importance of providing parking spaces in various areas such as residential, commercial, and shopping centers. It discusses on-street and off-street parking options, types of parking facilities, key definitions like space-hour and parking turnover, and factors like parking load and occupancy rate.
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3rdStage Lecture 9 Lecture. Dr. RanaAmir Yousif Lecture. Dr. SadyAbd Tayh Civil Engineering Al-Mustansiriyah University 2019-2020
References: Nicholas J. Garber and Lester A. Hoel. Traffic and Highway Engineering , Fourth Edition. Yoder; E. J. and M. W. Witczak, Principles of Pavement Design , A Wiley- Interscience Publication, John Wiley & Sons Inc., U.S.A., 1975. Yaug H. Huang, Pavement Analysis and Design , Prentic Hall Inc., U.S.A., 1993. AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures 1993 , AASHTO, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, U.S.A., 1993. Oglesby Clarkson H., Highway Engineering , John Wiley & Sons Inc., U.S.A., 1975.
Any vehicle traveling on a highway will at one time or another be parked for either relatively shorter time or much longer time, depending on the reason of parking. The provision of parking facilities is therefore an essential element of the highway transportation. The need for parking spaces is usually in areas where land uses include: Residential, Commercial, Shopping centers, and Etc.
On-street parking (curb parking) Parking facilities can be divided Off-street parking
Off-street Parking: This facilities may be privately or publicly owned. Surface parking. Multistory garage. Under ground garage.
1. A space-hour: define the use of a single space for period of 1 hr. 2. Parking volume: total number of vehicles that park in a study area during specific length of the time, usually a day. 3. Parking accumulation: is the number of parked vehicles in a study area at any specific time.
4. The Parking Load: The area under the accumulation curve between two specific times. It is usually gives as the number of space-hours used during the specified period of time. 5. Parking duration: The length of time a vehicles is parked at a parking bay (minutes or hour). 6. Parking turnover: is the rate of use of a parking space and is obtained by dividing the parking volume for a specified period by the number of parking spaces
N TR = STs TR: Parking turnover rate (veh./space/hr). N: total number of vehicles parked. S: total number of parking spaces. Ts: duration of the study period(hr). 7. Occupancy: Proportion spaces utilized at any movement. Occupancy=Accumulation/total spaces
Solution: Calculate the space-hours of demand using Commuters now being served= 0.6*200*9=1080 space-hr. Shoppers now being served= 0.4*200*2=160 space-hr. Total number of vehicles turned away =(200/0.8)-200=50. Commuters not being served= 0.2*50*9=90 space-hr. Shoppers not being served= 0.8*50*2=80 space-hr
Total space-hrs of demand =(1080+160+90+80) =1410. Total space-hrs served =(1080+160) =1240. Number of space-hours required = 1410-1240 =170. The number of parking spaces required = 170 space-hr. Length time that each space can legally parked 8:00a.m. through 6:00p.m. = 10 hr. 0.8*10*N= 170 N= 21.25 22 At least 22 additional spaces will be required , since a fraction of a space cannot be used.
Time period Vehicle entering (VE) Leaving Vehicle (VL) Accumulation (A) 25 8:00-8:15 8:15-8:30 8:30-8:45 8:45-9:00 0:00-9:15 150 220 250 175 180 20 40 42 52 80 150-20+25=155 220-40+155=335 250-42+335=543 175-52+543=666 180-80+666=766
