Energy Yield from Lipid Oxidation Process
Lipids
Calculating Energy Yield
Summary of One Round of
-Oxidation
Net Gains:
•
1 molecule FADH
2
•
1 molecule NADH + H
+
•
1 molecule of Acetyl-CoA
Fatty Acyl-CoA + CoASH + NAD
+
+ FAD
Fatty Acyl-CoA (-2 Carbons) + Acetyl-CoA + NADH + H
+
+ FADH
2
Total Acetyl-CoA
Total # of Acetyl-CoA molecules from a fatty acid
# Acetyl-CoA = # Carbons/2
16
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Total Rounds of
-Oxidation
Total # of Rounds of
-Oxidation from a fatty acid
# Rounds = (# Carbons/2) - 1
16
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
ATP Conversion Rate
•
In Oxidative Phosphorylation (ETC and ATP Synthase)
•
1 FADH
2
= 1.5 ATP
•
1 NADH = 2.5 ATP
Energy Load to Consider
•
Activation of the Fatty Acid
(Cost = 2 ATP)
•
Converts ATP
AMP (equivalent of 2 ATP)
•
Each Round of
-Oxidation
(Gain = 4 ATP)
•
1 FADH
2
= 1.5 ATP
•
1 NADH = 2.5 ATP
•
1 Acetyl-CoA
•
Each Round of Kreb Cycle or 1 Acetyl-CoA
(Gain = 10 ATP)
•
1 FADH2 = 1.5 ATP
•
3 NADH2 = 3 (2.5 ATP) = 7.5
•
1 GTP = 1 ATP equivalent
1 Round = 4 ATP
1 Acetyl-CoA = 10 ATP
Total ATP with Complete Oxidation
8 Acetyl-CoA X 10 ATP/Acetyl-CoA
= 80 ATP
7 Rounds X 4 ATP/Round
= 28 ATP
Activation Fee
= - 2 ATP
Sum
= 106 ATP
Welcome to our lecture series on Lipids. Here we will learn about the total amount of ATP generating energy held within fatty acids.
Understanding the energy generation process from lipid oxidation involves the conversion of fatty acids into Acetyl-CoA through multiple rounds of oxidation, which then enter the Krebs cycle to produce ATP. Each round of oxidation results in the production of Acetyl-CoA, NADH, FADH2, and net gains of FADH2, NADH, and Acetyl-CoA molecules. The energy load considerations and conversion rates of FADH2 and NADH to ATP are crucial for determining the total ATP yield from complete oxidation of fatty acids.
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Presentation Transcript
Lipids Calculating Energy Yield
Summary of One Round of -Oxidation Fatty Acyl-CoA + CoASH + NAD+ + FAD Fatty Acyl-CoA (-2 Carbons) + Acetyl-CoA + NADH + H+ + FADH2 Net Gains: 1 molecule FADH2 1 molecule NADH + H+ 1 molecule of Acetyl-CoA
Total Acetyl-CoA Total # of Acetyl-CoA molecules from a fatty acid # Acetyl-CoA = # Carbons/2 7 8 1 3 5 6 2 4 16
Total Rounds of -Oxidation Total # of Rounds of -Oxidation from a fatty acid # Rounds = (# Carbons/2) - 1 16 5 6 4 7 2 3 1
ATP Conversion Rate In Oxidative Phosphorylation (ETC and ATP Synthase) 1 FADH2 = 1.5 ATP 1 NADH = 2.5 ATP
Energy Load to Consider Activation of the Fatty Acid (Cost = 2 ATP) Converts ATP AMP (equivalent of 2 ATP) Each Round of -Oxidation (Gain = 4 ATP) 1 FADH2 = 1.5 ATP 1 NADH = 2.5 ATP 1 Acetyl-CoA Each Round of Kreb Cycle or 1 Acetyl-CoA (Gain = 10 ATP) 1 FADH2 = 1.5 ATP 3 NADH2 = 3 (2.5 ATP) = 7.5 1 GTP = 1 ATP equivalent 1 Round = 4 ATP 1 Acetyl-CoA = 10 ATP
Total ATP with Complete Oxidation 4 7 8 1 3 5 6 2 16 5 6 4 7 2 3 1 8 Acetyl-CoA X 10 ATP/Acetyl-CoA 7 Rounds X 4 ATP/Round Activation Fee = 80 ATP = 28 ATP = - 2 ATP Sum = 106 ATP
