Changes of State in Matter

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Melting, Freezing, Vaporization, Evaporation, Condensation, Sublimation,
Deposition OH MY
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I can describe the 6 changes of state (melting, freezing,
vaporization, condensation, sublimation, and deposition) in
terms of what happens to the energy and spacing of the
particles.
I can 
describe the differences between endothermic and
exothermic changes of state.
 
 
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A change of state is 
changing a substance from one physical
form to another.
 
Phase Change –
 A reversible physical change that occurs
when a substance changes from 1 state to another.
 
Physical change 
means the substance only changes it’s
appearance
; it’s still the 
same substance
!
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A substance can change from one state to another by
adding or removing ENERGY!
 
One type of 
energy
 is 
HEAT
…so we are 
adding heat 
or
removing heat
 to change states
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The
 
more energy/heat
(higher temperature)
will make the particles
move faster.
 
The
 
more energy/heat
will make the particles
spread out 
more and
attraction decreases.
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Temperature
 – the measure of particles moving
(speed) and therefore a measure of it’s energy.
 
   - Higher temperatures = Fast moving particles
   - Lower temperatures = Slow moving particles.
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Endothermic
Heat
 goes 
INTO
 an object from its
surroundings.
 
 
Exothermic
Heat
 is 
RELEASED
 from an object to the
surroundings.
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Melting
Vaporization
Sublimation
Freezing
Condensation
Deposition
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Melting:  
The change of a solid to a liquid.
 
Energy (HEAT) 
must be 
added
 to the substance to
make it 
melt
.
 
Endothermic
 
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As the substance is melting, the particles are 
moving faster
because 
energy/heat 
was added.
The particles are also 
spreading out 
more because the
attraction is less 
and they are going from a solid (packed
together) into a liquid (loosely packed)
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Vaporization:  
The change of a liquid to  gas.
 
Energy/heat 
must be 
added
 to make it 
evaporate
 
Endothermic
V
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The particles are moving 
even faster 
as they go from a
 liquid 
to a 
gas
 
The particles are 
spreading out farther 
and 
attraction is decreasing
.
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Sublimation:  The change of a solid directly to a gas.
Energy must be added.
Think:  As dry ice is exposed to a warmer temperature
(more energy) it will begin to look like its steaming.
Particles are moving faster as the solid turns into a gas
Endothermic
Example:  Dry ice
 
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REVERSE!
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If you 
remove
energy/heat 
(lower
temperature) the
particles 
move slower
The
 
less energy/heat
will make the particles
move together 
more
and 
attraction
increases.
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Freezing:  
The change of a liquid to a solid
.
 
Energy/heat 
must be 
removed
 to make the substance 
freeze.
 
Exothermic
F
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As 
energy/heat 
is 
removed
 and the substance is freezing,
the particles are starting to move 
slower
.
 
As 
energy/heat 
is 
removed
 to freeze, the particles are
getting 
closer
 and 
attraction is increasing
.
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Condensation:  
The change of a gas to a liquid.
 
Energy/heat 
must be 
removed
 to change a 
gas
 to a 
liquid
.
 
Exothermic
 
Example:  All the steam from a hot shower creates
condensation (water droplets) 
on the mirror.
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As 
energy/heat 
is 
removed
 in condensation, particles are
moving slower.
 
As 
energy/heat 
is 
removed
 in condensation, the particles get
closer
 and the 
attraction increases
.
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Deposition
:  The change of a gas directly to a solid.
Energy must be removed (taken away).
Particles are moving slower as the gas turns into a solid
Exothermic
Example:  Frost on windows
 
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Energy is absorbed - Endothermic
Energy is absorbed - Endothermic
Energy is released - Exothermic
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Melting Point –
 Temperature at which a solid turns to a liquid.
 
Freezing Point -
Temperature at which a liquid turns to a solid.
 
Boiling Point -
Temperature at which a liquid turns to a gas.
 
Condensation Point -
 Temperature at which a gas turns to a
liquid.
 
 
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Explore the intriguing world of changes of state in matter, from melting to deposition. Learn about the various energy changes, particle behavior, and how substances transition between states by adding or removing energy like heat. Discover the differences between endothermic and exothermic changes and the significance of temperature in measuring particle movement and energy.

  • Matter
  • Energy Changes
  • Particle Behavior
  • Endothermic
  • Exothermic

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  1. Changes of State Changes of State Melting, Freezing, Vaporization, Evaporation, Condensation, Sublimation, Deposition OH MY!

  2. Learning Learning Objectives Objectives I can describe the 6 changes of state (melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, sublimation, and deposition) in terms of what happens to the energy and spacing of the particles. I can describe the differences between endothermic and exothermic changes of state.

  3. What is a change in state or phase change? What is a change in state or phase change? A change of state is changing a substance from one physical form to another. Phase Change A reversible physical change that occurs when a substance changes from 1 state to another. Physical change means the substance only changes it s appearance; it s still the same substance!

  4. How do substances change state? How do substances change state? A substance can change from one state to another by adding or removing ENERGY! One type of energy is HEAT so we are adding heat or removing heat to change states

  5. What happens when you add energyheat? What happens when you add energy heat? The more energy/heat (higher temperature) will make the particles move faster. The more energy/heat will make the particles spread out more and attraction decreases.

  6. Temperature Temperature Temperature the measure of particles moving (speed) and therefore a measure of it s energy. - Higher temperatures = Fast moving particles - Lower temperatures = Slow moving particles.

  7. Types of Energy Changes Types of Energy Changes Endothermic Heat goes INTO an object from its surroundings. Exothermic Heat is RELEASED from an object to the surroundings.

  8. What are the changes in state? What are the changes in state? Energy is absorbed - Endothermic Melting Vaporization Sublimation Freezing Condensation Deposition Energy is released - Exothermic

  9. Change of state: MELTING Change of state: MELTING Melting: The change of a solid to a liquid. Energy (HEAT) must be added to the substance to make it melt. Endothermic

  10. Melting Melting As the substance is melting, the particles are moving faster because energy/heat was added. The particles are also spreading out more because the attraction is less and they are going from a solid (packed together) into a liquid (loosely packed)

  11. Change of state: Vaporization Change of state: Vaporization Vaporization: The change of a liquid to gas. Energy/heat must be added to make it evaporate Endothermic

  12. Vaporization. Vaporization . The particles are moving even faster as they go from a liquid to a gas The particles are spreading out farther and attraction is decreasing.

  13. Change of state: SUBLIMATION Change of state: SUBLIMATION Sublimation: The change of a solid directly to a gas. Energy must be added. Think: As dry ice is exposed to a warmer temperature (more energy) it will begin to look like its steaming. Particles are moving faster as the solid turns into a gas Endothermic Example: Dry ice

  14. Reverse Reverse REVERSE!

  15. What happens when you remove energyheat? What happens when you remove energy heat? If you remove energy/heat (lower temperature) the particles move slower The less energy/heat will make the particles move together more and attraction increases.

  16. Change of state: FREEZING Change of state: FREEZING Freezing: The change of a liquid to a solid. Energy/heat must be removed to make the substance freeze. Exothermic

  17. Freezing. Freezing . As energy/heat is removed and the substance is freezing, the particles are starting to move slower. As energy/heat is removed to freeze, the particles are getting closer and attraction is increasing.

  18. Change of state: CONDENSATION Change of state: CONDENSATION Condensation: The change of a gas to a liquid. Energy/heat must be removed to change a gas to a liquid. Exothermic Example: All the steam from a hot shower creates condensation (water droplets) on the mirror.

  19. Condensation Condensation As energy/heat is removed in condensation, particles are moving slower. As energy/heat is removed in condensation, the particles get closer and the attraction increases.

  20. Change of state: Deposition Change of state: Deposition Deposition: The change of a gas directly to a solid. Energy must be removed (taken away). Particles are moving slower as the gas turns into a solid Exothermic Example: Frost on windows

  21. Wrap up! Wrap up!

  22. Energy is absorbed - Endothermic Energy is released - Exothermic

  23. Phase Changes Phase Change Phase to Phase Ex. Solid to Gas Solid to Liquid Liquid to Solid Liquid to Gas Gas to Liquid Solid to Gas Gas to Solid Endothermic or Exothermic? Endothermic Exothermic Endothermic Exothermic Endothermic Exothermic Melting Freezing Vaporization Condensation Sublimation Deposition

  24. Points Where Phase Changes Occur Points Where Phase Changes Occur Melting Point Temperature at which a solid turns to a liquid. Freezing Point -Temperature at which a liquid turns to a solid. Boiling Point -Temperature at which a liquid turns to a gas. Condensation Point - Temperature at which a gas turns to a liquid.

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