Buoyage Systems and Navigation Marks
IALA Regions
•
World split into 2 regions: IALA
A (most of the world) and IALA B (Americas, Japan,
Korea, Philippines)
•
Few differences between these systems, the most striking being the
Direction of Buoyage
•
Marks distinguished by Shape, Colour, Light, Topmark
Lateral Marks:
Used to indicate established channels
Starboard – green colour – cone shaped – green light
Port – red colour – can shaped – red light
Safe Water Mark:
Shows that water all around in clear from obstruction
Red and white vertical stripes – red sphere top mark – long white flash / 10s
Isolated Danger Mark:
Indicates an isolated danger that has clear water all around
Black and red horizontal stripes – 2 black spheres topmark – white flash groups
of 2
Special Mark:
Indicates special area, could be cable or pipelines, wreck
Yellow in colour – yellow cross topmark – yellow flashing light
Lateral Marks
Used to show well established channels, indicating the port and starboard sides
of the channel
Port Mark
•
Always
red
•
Can-shaped topmark
•
Red flashing light
Starboard Mark
•
Always
green
•
Cone-shaped topmark
•
Green flashing light
•
The water all around is free from
obstruction or shallows
•
Single red sphere topmark
•
Calm, white light
•
Vertical stripes – safe!
•
Marks an isolated danger, such
as an old anchor, a large rock
•
Water around the mark should be
safe, but do not pass too close
•
2 black spheres for topmark
•
White light showing group of 2
flashes
•
Horizontal stripes – danger!
●
Named after the cardinal points of the compass
●
Each mark has different topmark, stripe and light pattern
●
Light patterns as per hours of the clock(12, 3, 6, 9)
●
All lights flash white, quick or very quick
●
South Cardinal has long flash at end to avoid confusion
●
Cardinals might be used to indicate split in channel, end of a
bank/shoal, large wreck or submerged object
•
Indicates special area – e.g. wreck, sewage pipe
•
Mark is yellow in colour
•
Single yellow cross topmark
•
Light is yellow, any rhythm other than those used for
cardinal, isolated danger or safe water marks
Buoyage systems play a crucial role in maritime navigation, with IALA regions dividing the world into A and B regions. These systems use various marks such as lateral, safe water, isolated danger, special, and cardinal marks to indicate navigational pathways, hazards, and safe areas in the water. Each type of mark is distinguished by specific characteristics like color, shape, and light pattern, aiding sailors in safe passage through water channels. Understanding these buoyage systems is essential for ensuring safe navigation at sea.
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Presentation Transcript
IALA Regions World split into 2 regions: IALA A (most of the world) and IALA B (Americas, Japan, Korea, Philippines) Few differences between these systems, the most striking being the Direction of Buoyage Marks distinguished by Shape, Colour, Light, Topmark
Lateral Marks: Used to indicate established channels Starboard green colour cone shaped green light Port red colour can shaped red light Safe Water Mark: Shows that water all around in clear from obstruction Red and white vertical stripes red sphere top mark long white flash / 10s Isolated Danger Mark: Indicates an isolated danger that has clear water all around Black and red horizontal stripes 2 black spheres topmark white flash groups of 2 Special Mark: Indicates special area, could be cable or pipelines, wreck Yellow in colour yellow cross topmark yellow flashing light
Lateral Marks Used to show well established channels, indicating the port and starboard sides of the channel Port Mark Starboard Mark Always red Can-shaped topmark Red flashing light Always green Cone-shaped topmark Green flashing light
Isolated Danger Mark Safe Water Mark The water all around is free from obstruction or shallows Single red sphere topmark Calm, white light Vertical stripes safe! Marks an isolated danger, such as an old anchor, a large rock Water around the mark should be safe, but do not pass too close 2 black spheres for topmark White light showing group of 2 flashes Horizontal stripes danger!
Cardinal Marks Named after the cardinal points of the compass Each mark has different topmark, stripe and light pattern Light patterns as per hours of the clock(12, 3, 6, 9) All lights flash white, quick or very quick South Cardinal has long flash at end to avoid confusion Cardinals might be used to indicate split in channel, end of a bank/shoal, large wreck or submerged object
N E W S
Indicates special area e.g. wreck, sewage pipe Mark is yellow in colour Single yellow cross topmark Light is yellow, any rhythm other than those used for cardinal, isolated danger or safe water marks
