Steatotic liver disease, including metabolic dysfunction associated steatohepatitis (MASLD) and metabolic associated alcoholic liver disease (MALD), is a common cause of liver test abnormalities in the United States. Risk factors such as obesity and metabolic syndrome can lead to advanced fibrosis a

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The natural history of disease development outlines the progression of a disease in an individual without intervention, from exposure to outcome. Learning objectives include defining prevention terms, understanding disease severity, prevention levels, and intervention measures. Studying disease prog

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Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to induce muscle relaxation during surgeries. Neuromuscular blocking agents act at the neuromuscular junction. These drugs can either peripherally reduce muscle tone or centrally cause muscle paralysis. Different types of muscle relaxants are classified based on th

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Bone fractures can occur due to external forces, high-energy trauma, bone fatigue, or underlying skeletal diseases. Symptoms include pain, tenderness, swelling, and difficulty moving. Different types of fractures include nondisplaced, displaced, compound, pathological, longitudinal, and spiral fract

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Epidemiology is the study of disease patterns, factors influencing disease occurrence, and the core functions of surveillance, field investigation, and analytic studies. It involves understanding disease characteristics, natural history, and evaluating the effectiveness of activities to mitigate dis

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Explore the anatomy of livestock, including the form, structure, and systems of the body. Learn about the skeletal, muscular, sensory, nervous, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems. Discover body cavities, directions, and different systems and understand the functio

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The skeletal system is crucial for protecting organs, providing structure for movement, storing minerals, and producing blood cells. It consists of the axial and appendicular skeleton, with bones classified into long, short, flat, and irregular shapes. Long bones, such as the femur, play a key role

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Skeletal muscle relaxants encompass different types, including neuromuscular blockers, spasmolytic drugs, and peripherally-acting agents. They are classified based on mechanisms of action and play crucial roles in inducing skeletal muscle relaxation for various clinical applications. Understanding t

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Tyzzer's disease is an acute bacterial infection affecting rodents and rabbits, caused by Clostridium piliforme. Discovered in 1917 by Ernest Tyzzer, the disease is characterized by necrotic lesions in the caecal mucosa, liver, and heart. Initially known as Bacillus piliformis, it was later renamed

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Explore the intricate skeletal structure of an ox focusing on the digits, phalanges, and joints such as the fetlock and pastern. Dive into the detailed descriptions of the first and second phalanges, their surfaces, and articulations. Gain insights into the unique characteristics of the accessory di

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Fluorosis, a prevalent condition in parts of India, China, Tanzania, and South Africa, affects millions due to high fluoride levels in drinking water. It manifests as dental and skeletal fluorosis, causing various symptoms based on exposure levels. Dental fluorosis leads to enamel discoloration and

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This presentation delves into the histological structure of three types of muscle cells - skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles. Learn about their differences, such as striation, voluntary vs. involuntary control, and cellular organization. Discover the components of muscular tissue, the coverings o

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This article discusses disease control processes in epidemiology, including reducing disease incidence, duration, and transmission. It covers public policy interventions, elimination, eradication, and extinction of infectious agents. It also highlights preventable causes of disease and different lev

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Explore the fascinating world of the skeletal system, including types of bone, bone formation processes, fractures healing, axial and appendicular skeleton, joints classification, and detailed insights into various types of joints. Dive into the anatomy of the pelvis, paranasal sinuses, and the shou

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Patients with coronary artery disease should be screened for peripheral vascular disease as it is a frequent integrator of global cardiovascular risk. The association of atherosclerosis in various arterial diseases highlights the importance of identifying multisite artery disease. The prevalence and

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Explore the functions of the skeletal system, learn about the various types and main bones, understand the importance of bone health, and discover the divisions of the skeleton - axial and appendicular. Dive into the intricacies of bone structure, functions, and how bones support, protect, and enabl

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The Human Disease Symptom Network (HSDN) is constructed using a large-scale medical bibliographic records database to form a network of human diseases based on symptom similarities. By integrating disease-gene associations and protein-protein interaction data, correlations between symptom similarity

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Explore the variations in vertebral formulae, rib pairs, rib shaft characteristics, scapula morphology, humerus features, ulna differences, and metacarpals/digits among horse, cattle, pig, sheep, dog, and fowl. Detailed images and descriptions offer insights into the distinct skeletal structures of

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In this unit, you will delve into the fascinating world of human bones. From the skull to the legs, discover the vital roles each bone plays in our body. Learn about the human skeleton, identify important bones, and understand the functions of key body parts. Engage with interactive activities and b

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The skeletal system plays crucial roles in supporting the body, protecting internal organs, facilitating movement with muscles, and producing blood cells. It consists of various bone structures like periosteum, compact bone, spongy bone, and bone marrow. The cranium houses important bones such as th

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Columnaris disease, also known as Saddleback disease, is a common bacterial infection in fish that is often brought about by poor handling and high stress levels. This disease manifests as tail and fin rot, leading to rapid fish mortality. The causative organism, Cytophaga (formerly Flexibacter), is

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Humans and frogs share many similarities in their organ systems such as lungs, digestive, circulatory, skeletal, and muscular systems. However, there are also significant differences in body configuration, respiratory system, skeletal structure, and reproductive system. Frogs have unique features li

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The content explores the neuromuscular transmission process in frog rectus abdominis, focusing on the release of Ach and its effects on Nm receptors. It also discusses the impact of different drugs on skeletal muscles, both centrally and peripherally acting, including those that act presynaptically

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Workshop held in Gent on April 30 to May 2, 2015, focusing on osteoporosis prevention and physical activity for women after menopause. Dr. Vlasta Syslov chaired sessions advocating exercise to keep, improve, and prevent bone mass loss. The importance lies in the low affinity of the elderly towards m

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Explore the two major sections of the skeletal system: the Axial Skeleton, which provides protection to vital organs, and the Appendicular Skeleton, enabling movement. Discover variations in bone structure across species, from horses to dogs, and delve into the bones of the Axial Skeleton, including

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Malignant Hyperthermia (MH) is a genetic disorder of skeletal muscle triggered by certain anesthetics, leading to a hyper-metabolic state. The uncontrolled release of calcium results in muscle rigidity, metabolic acidosis, hyperthermia, and other serious complications. MH was first described in the

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Explore the latest findings from the Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Symposium 2019 on disease mechanisms, drug targets, and genetic pathways. Dive into the progress made by the Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Consortium over the past decade. Transition to a Genome-Wide Association Study uncovering suscep

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Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease resulting in low bone mass and increased fragility. It occurs due to an imbalance in bone formation and resorption, leading to weakened bones and higher fracture risk. The disease is classified into primary and secondary types, with various subcategories based on a

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Dr. Somen Banerjee, Director of Public Health in London Borough Tower Hamlets, highlights the concerning liver disease mortality rates in the area, with high incidence of cirrhosis, cancer, and hepatitis B and C. The data reveals a significant burden of liver diseases such as Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liv

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Skeletal muscle relaxants play a crucial role in relaxing muscles without affecting consciousness significantly. They are classified into neuromuscular blockers and spasmolytics, each targeting different mechanisms in the body. Muscle contraction occurs through the release of acetylcholine and the s

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Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) encompasses Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), chronic conditions with immunologic basis. This article delves into the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and differences between CD and UC, highlighting clinical features, pathology, and complications like a

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Exploring the connective tissue wrappings and attachments of skeletal muscles, this content highlights the cord-like structures, collagen fibers, and their role in connecting muscle bellies to bones. It also delves into the surrounding connective tissues such as fascia, epimysium, perimysium, and en

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The human body consists of over 600 muscles, divided into skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles. Diseases of skeletal muscle encompass myopathy, myositis, and muscular dystrophy. Muscle disorders are categorized into genetic muscular dystrophies, channelopathies, inflammatory myopathies, and endocri

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The skeletal system in animals plays a crucial role in providing structural support, facilitating movement, and offering protection to vital organs. It is composed of various components like bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, compact bone, and spongy bone. Different types of bones in an animal's bod

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An introduction to anatomy covering anatomical terms and the skeletal system. It defines anatomy, explains anatomical sciences, discusses the skeletal system, and outlines anatomical terminology including terms of position. The content includes objectives, classifications of bones, and different ana

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Fabry's disease is a rare X-linked lipid storage disorder characterized by deficient lysosomal alpha-galactosidase A activity. This condition primarily affects males, leading to chronic kidney disease and progression to end-stage renal disease. Kidney involvement is a critical aspect, and high doses

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The formation of the head and neck region in embryonic development involves mesenchyme derived from paraxial mesoderm, lateral plate mesoderm, neural crest, and ectodermal placodes. Paraxial mesoderm contributes to brain case and muscle formation, while lateral plate mesoderm forms laryngeal cartila

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Muscle tissue is a vital component in most animals, facilitating movement and maintaining posture. Derived from embryonic cells, muscles come in three types: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth, each serving specific functions in the body. While skeletal muscles are under voluntary control, cardiac and sm

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Skeletal muscle relaxants and neuromuscular blockers are important drugs used to induce muscle relaxation. They are classified based on their site of action and mechanism of action. Understanding their classification, pharmacokinetics, and clinical applications is crucial for medical professionals.

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Viral pathogenesis involves the process by which a virus leads to disease, exploring the interplay between viral and host factors. It encompasses the concepts of virulence, viral disease, and the effects on infected cells and the host's immune response. Changes within infected cells, including cell

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