Structural divisions of the central and peripheral nervous systems, learn about neuron anatomy, the neuromuscular junction, and the role of neurotransmitters. Includes information on Acetylcholine, Norepinephrine, Dopamine, and Serotonin.

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Learn to control a DC motor using PictoBlox programming by setting the direction and speed of the motor, using a potentiometer and slide switch. Understand what a DC motor is, how it functions, and how to control its speed. Explore circuit diagrams, motor controlling blocks, and the process of contr

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Delve into the fascinating world of brain cells and neurons to understand their structure, function, and communication process. Explore the microscopic level composition of the brain, the significance of neuron shapes, and the intricate workings of synapses in transmitting signals between neurons. U

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Explore the intricate workings of sensory representation, individual neuron modeling, interneuron correlations, decision variable construction, and reinforcement learning in neuronal populations. Gain insights into how neuronal responses are pooled to form decision variables used for creating weight

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In patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and multivessel coronary artery disease, this study aims to compare fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided PCI with angiography-guided PCI for non-infarct-related artery lesions. The hypothesis is that selective PCI guided by FFR is superior to routin

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Electromyography (EMG) is an electrodiagnostic technique used to evaluate muscle health by measuring electrical activity. EMG measures muscle response to nerve signals, displayed as waves on an oscilloscope. Motor neurons transmit signals from the brain to muscles, enabling movement. Upper motor neu

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Central Government has announced amendments to the Motor Vehicles Act 1988 and Motor Vehicles Amendment Act 2019 effective from April 1, 2022. The changes include the implementation of Detailed Accident Report procedures, appointment of Nodal Officers for motor third party cases, and definitions rel

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Control your motor from anywhere with the innovative Agromate telemetric device, enabling remote operation via a simple missed call. This device offers solutions to common farming challenges such as power cuts, wild animals, and rough weather. Agromate works with any service provider's SIM card and

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Motor abilities play a crucial role in the developmental journey of individuals with Williams Syndrome. From simple reflex movements to fine and gross motor skills, these abilities impact daily living, academic achievements, and overall cognitive and physical growth. Research on motor skills in both

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Motor units consist of a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates. Neurotransmitters like acetylcholine play a vital role in stimulating muscle contraction by transmitting signals at the neuromuscular junction. This communication between neurons and muscles is essential for proper movement a

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Motor Neurone Disease (MND) is a rare condition affecting the brain and nerves, leading to loss of motor function. There is no cure for MND, and it can impact adults and children, causing symptoms like muscle weakness, speech difficulties, and changes in personality. The Irish Motor Neurone Disease

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The strength-duration curve depicts the relationship between electrical stimulus intensity and time required for minimal muscle contraction. It helps assess nerve damage in lower motor neuron lesions. Various types of curves exist based on innervation status, such as normal innervation, complete den

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Learn how to build a simple electric motor step-by-step, including winding the field coil, making end contacts, attaching to a battery, preparing the coil, and assembly. Troubleshooting tips are provided if the motor doesn't work. Experiment ideas include changing the motor's direction, radio interf

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Children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD), Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD), and Fine Motor Delays often have accompanying sensory and fine motor deficits. Research indicates that addressing sensory processing deficits can significantly benefit children with DLD, ADHD, autism, and other d

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A comprehensive exploration of facial nerve lesions through real-life clinical scenarios and detailed anatomical insights. Dive into cases involving trauma, fractures, and abscesses to understand the varied manifestations of these lesions. Learn about the functions of the facial nerve, its segments,

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Understanding the natural history, evaluation, and management of benign liver lesions is crucial for diagnosing incidental liver findings. Common benign liver lesions include hepatic hemangioma, focal nodular hyperplasia, hepatic adenoma, and hepatic cyst. Differential diagnosis plays a key role in

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Motor play and developmental orientation are essential for children, especially those with vision impairments. Encouraging movement and play helps in developing confidence, purpose, and motor skills. Activities like bouncing, crawling, and climbing aid in brain organization, spatial awareness, and e

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Postural reflexes are automatic movements that help maintain body position and equilibrium during rest or movement. They involve a series of sensory stimuli and motor responses orchestrated by different components of the nervous system. Lesions in these reflex pathways can lead to postural control i

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Sensory evaluation of trigeminal nerve function involves assessing exteroceptive sensations across its divisions, identifying sensory losses due to lesions, and distinguishing different types of lesions affecting sensation on the face. Motor evaluation focuses on the muscles of mastication to detect

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The nervous system consists of the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS), with neurons as its basic unit. Neurons function as sensory, associative, and motor types, carrying impulses within the body. Parts of a neuron include the cell body, dendrites, axon, and terminal en

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Dive into the transition from Hodgkin-Huxley to 2D neuron models, understanding phase plane analysis, and analyzing different neuron types like Type I and II models with a focus on limit cycles, firing threshold, and separation of time scales.

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Explore the mechanisms of action of adrenergic neuron blockers and classify adrenergic receptor blockers into selective and non-selective categories. Delve into the pharmacokinetic aspects and pharmacodynamic effects of these blockers, such as false transmitter formation, store depletion, release in

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A 45-year-old male presented with incidental lesions in the anterior peritoneal cavity during a CT scan for haematuria. These lesions, measuring between 9 mm and 22 mm, were non-enhancing and lacked consistent signal characteristics. Further imaging with MRI was recommended for better evaluation. By

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Head injuries pose a significant threat to morbidity and mortality, with causes ranging from motor accidents to child abuse and falls. Understanding the epidemiology and pathophysiology of head injuries is crucial for effective management. Primary and secondary brain injuries necessitate immediate c

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Spasticity and increased muscle tone are common features in neurological disorders, characterized by hyperactive stretch reflexes and muscle contractions. Spasticity is velocity-dependent and associated with upper motor neuron lesions, leading to increased resistance to passive movement. Rigidity, o

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This content delves into the intricacies of upper and lower motor neuron lesions, detailing their effects and manifestations in the human body. It explores the causes, types of paralysis, reflexes, muscle tone changes, and the impact of lesions at various levels of the motor system. The insights pro

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An in-depth exploration of neuromuscular junction (NMJ) anatomy, physiology, and associated disorders by Dr. Hana Albulaihe, a renowned Consultant Neurologist. The NMJ comprises the axon terminal of a motor neuron and the motor end plate of a muscle fiber. Disorders discussed include Myasthenia grav

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Explore the intricate world of neurology with a focus on brain localization, neuroaxis structures, and the distinctions between upper and lower motor neuron signs. Delve into the functions of brain lobes, brain stem anatomy, and spinal cord functions. Discover how upper motor neuron signs indicate l

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The 2017 Motor Vehicle Act Amendment focuses on reducing road accidents, providing speedy treatment to victims, and establishing a Motor Vehicle Accident Fund. It introduces several key objectives, amendments, and insertions like e-Governance, higher penalties, and improvements in licensing. The ame

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Skin, the largest organ of the body, plays a crucial role in regulating temperature and acting as a protective barrier. It consists of the epidermis, dermis, and subcutis, along with skin appendages like hair and claws. Skin lesions can be categorized into primary and secondary, with primary lesions

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The spinal cord serves as the information highway between the brain and body, allowing for sensory input reception and motor signal transmission. It plays a crucial role in locomotion, reflex responses, and overall coordination of muscle activities. The cylinder of nerve tissue within the vertebral

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Pituitary incidentalomas are unexpected lesions found during imaging studies for unrelated reasons. Evaluation and management recommendations rely heavily on clinical experience due to limited literature on the topic. Etiology includes mostly pituitary adenomas and a small percentage of nonpituitary

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Children's motor skill development is crucial for successful writing. Prior to writing, children need adequate muscle development, starting from gross motor skills to fine motor control. Activities and strategies for improving both types of motor skills are essential in preparing children for succes

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Acute muscular weakness in children is a neurological emergency defined by sudden onset muscle weakness or paralysis in less than 5 days. When evaluating a child with acute flaccid paralysis, consider factors like onset rhythm, associated symptoms, and past medical history. A thorough physical and n

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HHS is an acute infectious disease in chickens characterized by high morbidity and mortality, excess pericardial fluid, and multifocal hepatic necrosis. It mainly affects broilers and broiler parents, with clinical signs such as sudden mortality, lethargy, and ruffled feathers. Post-mortem lesions i

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Physical development in early childhood encompasses growth in height and weight, brain development, gross motor skills, and fine motor skills. Children's bodies change significantly between ages 3 to 6, with notable improvements in motor skills and cognitive abilities. Gross motor activities such as

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The parietal lobe is crucial for sensory integration, spatial perception, and higher-order cognitive functions. Lesions in this area can lead to various sensory disturbances, apraxia, agnosia, and neglect syndromes. Understanding the roles of the parietal lobe can provide insights into how the brain

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Surgical approaches to foramen magnum lesions involve understanding the anatomical structures, diameters, condyles, and contents of the region. Critical considerations include the choice of surgical approach based on the location and extent of the lesion, size, and nature of the pathology. Approache

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This chapter delves into various aspects of PWM and DC motor control, exploring characteristics of selected DC motors, rotation mechanisms, H-bridge configurations for motor direction control, logic configurations for motor operation, bidirectional motor control using an L298 chip, pulse width modul

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Spasticity is a motor disorder characterized by increased muscle tone and exaggerated reflexes, typically associated with upper motor neuron lesions. This article explains the differences between upper and lower motor neuron lesions, the neurophysiology of spasticity, causes, effects, and treatments

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