This presentation by Prof. Tobias Lock discusses the scope of application of the EU Charter in national legal orders, focusing on the field of application of the Charter, implementation of EU law, simple cases, and the broad interpretation of the scope of EU law. It explains how the Charter applies

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Unitary, confederal, and federal states each have distinct characteristics regarding the distribution of power between central and subnational governments. Unitary states have centralized governance, while devolved states like the UK grant autonomy to subnational entities. Decentralized states trans

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COMESA, established in 1981 as the Preferential Trade Area, is now the largest economic regional organization in Africa. With 19 active member states, its vision is to be a fully integrated economic community with high living standards. The organization aims to create free trade, establish a customs

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Explore the main findings in the fight against fraud in agriculture, focusing on Member States' experiences as presented by Katharina Herrmann Olaf. Discover key results, detection rates, modus operandi, anti-fraud work, and country fact sheets. Gain insights into irregularities, fraudulent activiti

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Balance of Power Theory in global politics emphasizes the distribution of military capability among states to prevent hegemony and maintain national security. It is a realist theory that highlights the importance of preventing any single state from dominating others. The theory discusses how stronge

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Establishing guidelines for the management of International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) Maritime Resource Names (MRNs), including rules for unique identifiers, length specifications, and preservation throughout the object's lifetime. Considers the governance, management, and allocation of MRNs a

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This paper discusses the audit of physical planning and building control laws in various states of Nigeria, highlighting the responses and status of laws in different states. It covers the importance of effective laws in regulating construction activities, population growth impact, and the delegatio

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This report provides key financial data for the second half of 2022, including budgetary execution, fund quotas compliance, member states' balances due, liquidity risk assessment, and more. It outlines the overall program budget execution, quota compliance of member states, and fund liquidity status

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The 35th Meeting of the North Sea Hydrographic Commission held in Reykjavik, Iceland, from 5-7 April 2022, discussed council matters, work program items, and the IHO Secretariat's role. The IHO is composed of 97 member states organized into regional commissions, with activities aligned to a three-ye

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The Capacity Building Sub-Committee (CBSC) report highlights the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on capacity building efforts in 2020. Contributions from various sources like the IHO budget, donations, and support from countries like the Republic of Korea, Japan, and Canada are crucial for empoweri

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The research delves into the intriguing realm of gravitational quantum states of antihydrogen, posing questions about the feasibility of gravitational mass extraction from these states. Through topics like spectroscopy, interference, and time-spatial resolution, the study sheds light on the properti

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The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) is gearing up to celebrate its centenary with a series of activities spanning three significant years. Commemorating key events in the organization's history, the celebrations aim to raise awareness about hydrography, nautical charting, and ocean map

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The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) is celebrating its centenary with various activities from 2019 to 2021. The celebration includes exhibitions, symposiums, historical interviews, and the preparation of a Prestige Book. The upcoming events in 2020 and 2021 aim to reflect on the develo

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Survey conducted through IHO CL26/2021 on the production of high-density ENCs resulted in responses from 37 Member States including Australia, Malaysia, Bangladesh, Netherlands, Belgium, and more. The summary outlines various countries' approaches and strategies for producing HD ENCs, showcasing the

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The focus of this proposal is to optimize the working structure of the IHO by applying quality management principles and reflecting on past experiences to improve efficiency and effectiveness. It aims to address potential disconnects between strategic plans and work programs, set priorities, and ini

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The need to adopt a programmatic structure for the IHO CSB Initiative is crucial as it aims to be presented as a UN Decade action. Clear governance and reporting mechanisms are necessary as the initiative grows and involves new partners. Two program structure options are discussed, emphasizing the i

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The report outlines the progress made by the IHO e-Learning Center Project Team, including its establishment, successes to date, planned activities for 2021 and 2022. The team has grown in membership and has achieved milestones in terms of finalizing implementation plans, sharing experiences, and dr

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Findings from the Future of the Paper Nautical Chart Survey conducted at the Nautical Cartography Working Group NCWG-5 in Stockholm, Sweden, from 5-8 November 2019. A total of 52 IHO member states responded to the survey, revealing insights on carriage requirements for domestic voyages, plans for de

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Delve into the perception of IHO Member States regarding the impacts of a paperless world on nautical paper charts based on a survey. Discover responses from 52 member states, including their views on carriage requirements, plans for developing paper chart backups, database management, S-57 encoded

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CARICOM, the Caribbean Community and Common Market, comprises 15 member states and five associated member states. The region has a tropical climate with a rainy season from May to October and is prone to hurricanes from June to November. Historically, the Caribbean was pivotal in the Transatlantic S

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This analysis provides insights into the financial status of the United Nations as of various dates in 2016, 2017, and 2018. It includes data on assessments, payments, outstanding dues, cash on hand, and the number of member states paying in full. Charts visualize the regular budget assessment statu

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The Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) play crucial roles in regional integration in Eurasia. Both organizations emphasize principles of international law and member state equality. The CIS Free Trade Area and EAEU's objectives focus on economic developme

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The summary provides insights into the events and results of the Oceania Sports Federations Organization (OSFO) 2011 Annual Assembly, including presentations, discussions, election results, member surveys, and stakeholder engagement. Key highlights include the participation of member sports, electio

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Overview of a research report commissioned by ENOC to map the impact of Covid-19 emergency measures on children's rights across ENOC member states. Findings show negative impacts on national planning, coordination, and attention to children's rights, with some governments taking steps to minimize ad

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Haiti Follow-up Visit 2017 encompassed various work sessions and visits aimed at improving hydrographic activities in Haiti. Discussions included the need for joint efforts in mapping, establishment of a Maritime Training Center, designating a national authority for hydrographic data, and acquiring

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Lieutenant Commander Nathalia Mar A. Otalora Murillo presented the report on the South East Pacific Regional Hydrographic Commission's capacity-building activities in the meeting held in Genoa, Italy. The report includes an overview of past workshops, proposed programs for 2020, achievements, and le

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The South East Pacific Regional Hydrographic Commission (SEPRHC) chaired by Rear Admiral Jorge Paz Acosta held various meetings and discussed work programs related to hydrographic activities in the region. The commission focused on important action items to enhance coordination and progress in hydro

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Formally defining problem-solving in AI involves representing possible configurations as states in a state space, with initial and goal states, and a set of actions to transition between states. Examples like the Monkey & Bananas and Missionaries & Cannibals problems illustrate this concept by outli

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Explore the application of search algorithms in solving classic problems like the N-Queens problem and the Missionaries & Cannibals dilemma. Understand the concept of states, start states, goals, transitions, and goal states in these puzzles. Dive into the strategies of adding states to a to-visit l

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The data highlights reductions in the contributions of the United States from 2019 to 2023, along with the total quota income of other member states. It also includes projected expenses and budgetary reductions applied annually, categorized into personnel and non-personnel. The information provides

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The 11th Meeting of the IHO Inter-Regional Coordinating Committee (IHO-IRCC) took place in Genoa, Italy from 3-5 June 2019. The meeting discussed various topics related to the ROPME Sea Area Hydrographic Commission (RSAHC) and included representatives from Member States and observers. Key points cov

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The 10th meeting of the IHO Inter-Regional Coordinating Committee (IHO-IRCC) took place in Goa, India from 4-6 June 2018. The meeting discussed the activities of the ROPME Sea Area Hydrographic Commission (RSAHC), which aims to promote safe navigation through collaboration on hydrography, cartograph

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Rear Admiral Luigi Sinapi, HSSC Chair, presented the report and proposals at the 2nd meeting of the IHO Council in London. The meeting discussed key priorities, challenges, and upcoming projects for 2019-2020. Topics included the revision of IHO Resolution 2/2007, amendments to ToRs and RoPs, and us

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The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) Council plays a crucial role in electing its leaders, coordinating organizational activities, and proposing strategies and budgets. It reviews submissions, prepares reports, and suggests subsidiary organs to the Assembly. Understanding the rules and

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Compact states have efficient communication due to their balanced shape, while prorupted states extend for access or disruption. Elongated states face potential isolation issues, and fragmented states are problematic with territorial pieces separated. Perforated states, like South Africa, completely

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Items discussed at the 2nd meeting of the IHO Council during the 15th Eastern Atlantic Hydrographic Commission Conference included ensuring use of the IHO Fund for Special Projects, coordination between RHCs, approval of IHO publication B-12 on Crowdsourced Bathymetry, elimination of overlapping ENC

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IHO Secretariat's report highlights the status of IHO membership, recent outreach activities like World Hydrography Day celebrations, and updates on international cooperation in hydrography. The Capacity Building Programme's progress and plans for empowering women in hydrography are also discussed.

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The report highlights the ratification of Protocol of Amendments on IHO Convention, modifications in membership requirements, and responses to voting by correspondence. It also lists countries yet to respond, apply for membership, and states not yet members of the IHO or MACHC. The amendments aim to

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The report highlights the achievements of the Baltic Sea Hydrographic Commission (BSHC) during 2012-2016, including joint projects, database provisions, harmonized chart datum, and collaboration efforts. It also addresses the challenges faced by Lithuania as an Associate Member and emphasizes the pr

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IHO Resolution 1/2021 introduces the WEND-100 principles, with complementary guidelines detailing their implementation for S-1XX products. The report discusses the applicability of WEND-100 principles for S-100 based products, focusing on specific S-1XX products planned for release before S-101. It

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