Importance of Measuring Race and Ethnicity in Health Disparities

This presentation discusses the significance of measuring race and ethnicity in addressing health disparities, underlining the impact of social, economic, and environmental factors on various demographic groups. It covers federal data collection guidelines, best practices, and the use of demographic factors in examining health disparities as outlined in Healthy People 2020. Federal standards and best practices for identifying race and ethnicity data are highlighted for effective data collection and reporting.

• Health Disparities
• Race and Ethnicity
• Data Collection
• Healthy People 2020
• Federal Standards

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1. O F F I C E O F T H E A S S I S TA N T S E C R E TA R Y F O R H E A LT H Measuring Race and Ethnicity Violet Ryo-Hwa Woo, M.S., M.P.H. February 13, 2019

2. AGENDA Measuring race and ethnicity Federal and HHS data collection guidelines Best Practices Data Standards Questions and answers O F F I C E O F T H E A S S I S T A N T S E C R E T A R Y F O R H E A L T H 2

3. IMPORTANCE of MEASURING RACE and ETHNICITY Health Disparity: particular type of health difference that is closely linked with social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantage. adversely affect groups of people who have systematically experienced greater obstacles to health based on their racial or ethnic group; religion; socioeconomic status; gender; age; mental health; cognitive, sensory, or physical disability; sexual orientation or gender identity; geographic location; or other characteristics historically linked to discrimination or exclusion. Source: https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/about/foundation-health-measures/Disparities O F F I C E O F T H E A S S I S T A N T S E C R E T A R Y F O R H E A L T H 3

4. HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020: DEMOGRAPHICS USED WHEN EXAMINING HEALTH DISPARITIES Gender Race and ethnicity Sexual identity and orientation Disability status or special health care needs Geographic location O F F I C E O F T H E A S S I S T A N T S E C R E T A R Y F O R H E A L T H 4

5. FEDERAL STANDARDS Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Standards for Maintaining, Collecting, and Presenting Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity Used by federal agencies that collect and report race and ethnicity data Guides information collected and presented for census, household surveys, civil rights enforcement and program administrative reporting Source: https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/whitehouse.gov/files/briefing-room/presidential-actions/related-omb- material/w_e_iwg_faqs_talking_points_022317.pdf; checked 02.07.2019 O F F I C E O F T H E A S S I S T A N T S E C R E T A R Y F O R H E A L T H 5

6. BEST PRACTICES: IDENTIFICATION Self-identification is preferred Exception: Instances where observer identification is more practical Separate questions for race and ethnicity should be used when feasible O F F I C E O F T H E A S S I S T A N T S E C R E T A R Y F O R H E A L T H 6

7. BEST PRACTICES: MINIMUM SET of CATEGORIES RACE* ETHNICITY American Indian or Alaska Native Asian Black or African American Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander White Hispanic or Latino Not Hispanic or Latino *Respondents/proxies who wish to identify their multi-racial heritage may choose more than one race. O F F I C E O F T H E A S S I S T A N T S E C R E T A R Y F O R H E A L T H 7

8. BEST PRACTICES: SAMPLE SIZE Additional granularity is encouraged if It is supported by sample size and The additional detail can be aggregated back to the minimum standard set of race and ethnicity categories O F F I C E O F T H E A S S I S T A N T S E C R E T A R Y F O R H E A L T H 8

9. DATA STANDARD: ETHNICITY Are you Hispanic, Latino/a, or Spanish Origin? (One or more categories may be selected) a. No, not Hispanic, Latino/a, or Spanish origin b. Yes, Mexican, Mexican American, Chicano/a c. Yes, Puerto Rican d. Yes, Cuban e. Yes, Another Hispanic, Latino/a or Spanish origin O F F I C E O F T H E A S S I S T A N T S E C R E T A R Y F O R H E A L T H 9

10. DATA STANDARD: RACE What is your race? (One or more categories may be selected) a. White b. Black or African American c. American Indian or Alaska Native d. Asian e. Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander O F F I C E O F T H E A S S I S T A N T S E C R E T A R Y F O R H E A L T H 10

11. DATA STANDARD: RACE What is your race? (One or more categories may be selected) a. White b. Black or African American c. American Indian or Alaska Native d. Asian Asian Indian; Chinese; Filipino; Japanese; Korean; Vietnamese; Other Asian e. Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander Native Hawaiian; Guamanian or Chamorro; Samoan; Other Pacific Islander O F F I C E O F T H E A S S I S T A N T S E C R E T A R Y F O R H E A L T H 11

12. HHS Data Standard Guidance and Policy HHS Implementation Guidance on Data Collection Standards for Race, Ethnicity, Sex, Primary Language, and Disability Status https://aspe.hhs.gov/basic-report/hhs-implementation-guidance-data- collection-standards-race-ethnicity-sex-primary-language-and-disability- status#III Policy Statement on Inclusion of Race and Ethnicity in DHHS Data Collection Activities https://aspe.hhs.gov/policy-statement-inclusion-race-and-ethnicity-dhhs- data-collection-activities O F F I C E O F T H E A S S I S T A N T S E C R E T A R Y F O R H E A L T H 12

13. CONTACT INFORMATION Evaluation Officer, Division of Policy and Data Dianne Rucinski, Ph.D. Office of Minority Health Email: Dianne.Rucinski@hhs.gov Public Health Analyst, Division of Policy and Data Violet Woo Office of Minority Health Email: Violet.Woo@hhs.gov; Phone: (240) 453-6816 O F F I C E O F T H E A S S I S T A N T S E C R E T A R Y F O R H E A L T H 13

14. WWW.HHS.GOV/ASH WWW.MINORITYHEALTH.HHS.GOV Violet Woo Public Health Analyst Office of Minority Health Stay connected with us on Twitter | Twitter en Espa ol | Facebook | Instagram | YouTube O F F I C E O F T H E A S S I S T A N T S E C R E T A R Y F O R H E A L T H 14