Understanding the Structure of DNA
DNA, which stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid, is a double-stranded molecule composed of nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of a base, a phosphate, and deoxyribose sugar. These nucleotides bond together to form a sugar-phosphate backbone through chemical bonds. The DNA molecule contains four bases - Thymine, Adenine, Guanine, and Cytosine - which pair up in a complementary manner. Understanding the structure of DNA is essential for comprehending its functions and processes.
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Presentation Transcript
Higher Biology Unit 1: 1.1 Structure of DNA
Starter Make a mind map of the key points you remember about DNA from Nat 5 biology in your jotter
Learning Intentions Name the molecules in a DNA nucleotide and identify them in a diagram Name the type of bond on the backbone of the DNA molecule Give the names of the 4 DNA bases Describe the base pairing rule for DNA bases
Deoxyribonucleic acid The DNA molecule is comprised of two chains of nucleotides. The nucleotides are comprised of deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate and a base.
DNA stands for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid. It is as double stranded molecule made up of subunits called nucleotides. Each nucleotide is made of 3 parts;- A base, a phosphate and a deoxyribose sugar.
Nucleotides bond together to form a sugar- phosphate backbone. This is due to chemical bonds between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the carbon 3 of the deoxyribose on another nucleotide.
This is what a nucleotide looks like at the molecular level
Nucleotides bond together to form a sugar-phosphate backbone. This is due to chemical bonds between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the carbon 3 of the deoxyribose on the next nucleotide. The double helix is described as having two anti-parallel chains of nucleotides because one side goes from 5 to 3 (five prime to three prime) and the opposite side goes from 3 to 5 .
The Code There are 4 different types of base in DNA. Thymine = T Adenine = A Guanine = G Cytosine = C They have complementary base pairing T pairs with A G pairs with C
The bases pair up using hydrogen bonds to form the double helix shape. dnaribns Hydrogen bonds C and G 3 bonds T and A 2 bonds
These bases are described as being complementary to each other. This means their shapes match up.
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