Watershed Development Programme in Kerala: A Comprehensive Overview

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The Watershed Development Programme in Kerala underwent significant transformations over the years, evolving from the Integrated Watershed Management Programme to its current form under the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana. The program's implementation involves various institutional mechanisms at different levels of governance, placing significant responsibility on Panchayati Raj Institutions for effective execution. The detailed structural framework showcases the crucial role played by different committees and agencies in ensuring the success of watershed projects in the state.

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WDC PMKSY Erstwhile IWMP Local Self Government Department (Rural Development) SLNA, Kerala

WDC - PMKSY IN KERALA GoI launched IWMP in the year 2009-10 Projects sanctioned for Kerala and funds released only on 2010-11 From 2015-16 onwards, IWMP had been transformed as the Watershed Development Component of PMKSY

PROGRAMME ARCHITECTURE GoI instructed to implement Watershed Programme through a dedicated institutional mechanism.

SLNA had been reconstituted on 03/12/2010, with CRD as CEO First guidelines issued by State Govt. vide G.O(MS) No. 105/2011/LSGD dt. 14/06/2011 Revised guidelines issued vide G.O(MS) No. 240/2012/LSGD dt. 22/09/2012. (Described Implementation methodology and responsibility task for constitution of institutions.) These proceedings have been taken time for one year. So the actual implementation started in 2013 only. Project is implemented through a systematic DPR for the sanctioned area. DPR preparation entrusted with 23 NGOs that also consumed time.

ROLE OF PANCHAYATH RAJ INSTITUTIONS In Kerala, the programme implementation is fully entrusted with PRIs. State level Nodal Agency Chairperson APC Vice Chairperson Prl. Secretary, LSGD CEO Commissioner for Rural Development District Panchayath Dist. Level Coordination Committee Chairperson Dist. Panchayath President Member Secretary Dist. Collector Convener Project Director, PAU Watershed Cell cum Data Centres (WCDCs) are formed at District level for assisting DLCC

Block Panchayath Block Implementing Agency (PIA) Panchayaths are the Project Block Level Coordination Committee (BLCC) with Block Panchayath President as Chairperson Watershed Development Teams (WDTs) are formed at Block level for assisting PIAs.

Grama Panchayath Watershed Committees are formed at micro watershed level - as committee. GP President as Chairperson and VEO as Secretary Field level implementation of the projects is vested with Watershed Committees. Grama Panchayath Level Coordination Committee with President as Chairperson and Secretary of GP as Convenor. User Groups and SHGs are formed at field level for assisting the WCs. subcommittees of GP

NEW SHIFT 2015-16 NITI AYOG restructured the programme & re-christened IWMP as one of the components of PMKSY. The aim is to Productivity through Irrigation net work and collect Water Resource and Conserve Soil through Watershed Approach. LSGD (RD) is implementing the watershed component of PMKSY in Kerala. enhance Agricultural

PROJECTS SANCTIONED - AT A GLANCE Project cost(Rs in Crore) No of projects No of micro watersheds Project area(ha) Batch Year II 2010-11 26 221 141859 203.97 III 2011-12 15 115 82315 106.86 IV 2012-13 20 127 96396 122.77 V 2013-14 10 61 51083 69.26 VI 2014-15 12 92 51333 72.27 Total 83 616 422987 581.6

FINANCIAL STATUS AS ON 31/5/2016 Total Expendit ure as on 31/03/20 16 (in cores) Central Share Release d (in cores) State share Released (in cores) No. of Projects Project Cost (in Cores) Misc Receipt Total Funds Sl No Batch No 1 BATCH II 26 203.97 2 BATCH III 15 106.86 3 BATCH IV 20 122.77 61.798 17.97 4.63 84.40 80.62 4 BATCH V 10 69.26 5 BATCH VI 12 72.27 Total 71 581.6

YEAR WISE EXPENDITURE 3500 3257 3000 2798 2500 2000 1500 1178 1000 500 363 161 0 0 0 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

PHYSICAL ACHIEVEMENT Area irrigated (in ha) Check Dam Percol ation Farm Pond Farmers benefitted Year Others Total renovated Upto 2014-15 127 0 46 4793 4966 276 6000 34622 2015-16 87 44 93 2134 2358 1229 7865 24305 Total 214 44 139 6927 7324 1505 13865 58927 In addition Rs. 8.31 Crore has been spent under MGNREGA through convergence and 2500 ha area also brought under irrigation. (13865+2500=16365)

Annual Action Plan of PMKSY-WDC Preparation of DIP details of watershed component had been submitted to PAOs in all districts For the year 2016-17, Annual Action Plan for 304.91 crores had been approved by SLSC held on 23/04/2016 as given below:- Fund for ongoing projects Rs. 288.35 Crores (NRM Rs. 161.48 Crores, Other components Rs. 126.87 crores) Fund required for the Preparatory Phase of New Projects Rs. 16.56 Crores TOTAL Rs. 304.91 Crores The funding pattern is Central State in the ratio 60:40 1st Instalment of Central share of Rs. 11.37 Crore is released.

ANNUAL ACTION PLAN FOR NRM ON GOING PROJECTS Activity Nos M3/Command Proposed Cost Rs in Lakhs NEW WORKS Farm Pond Check Dam Nalla Bund Percolation Tank Ground Water Recharge * Others Sub Total of Item 17 RENOVATION Farm Pond Check Dam Nalla Bund Percolation Tank 200 150 1000 Ha 750 Ha 4600 Ha 250 Ha 31000 Ha 5500 Ha 1500 900 700 25 65 3100 3541.06 9806.06 1200 5000 Ha 100 Ha 35 Ha 4332 134 82 6 0 Ground Water Recharge Others Sub Total of Item 18 TOTAL 12000 Ha 15119 Ha 600 1270 6342 98854 Ha 16148.06

AAP for Other components Activity/Component Item No 1 Amount required Rs in Lakhs Production Systems Support 2880 2 Livelihood Support 2595 3 Capacity Building 1440 4 Entry Point Activities 1153 5 Evaluation and Monitoring 576 6 Administration Charges 2880 7 DPR 298 8 Consolidation & Withdrawal Phase 865 TOTAL 12687

Annual Action Plan of Newly Proposed Projects Sl.No Activity Amount in Rs. Lakhs Remarks 1 Capacity & Institution Building 275 Detailed Action Plan of each Component/Sub Component will be drawn up during the preparation of the Detailed project Report. This involves elaborate processes and procedures 2 Entry Point Activity 631 3 Natural Resources Management Production Systems 475 4 0 5 Livelihood Support 0 6 Consolidation 0 7 Administration Cost 275 TOTAL 1656

CONSTRAINTS Delay in fund release Rs. 15.16 crore received on 14/10/2014 These funds exhausted on March, 2015 Next allotment received only on Oct, 2015 No funds available from April to Oct 2015 While funds received, election process in LSGI had already been started This drastically affects the pace of implementation. There is also delay in release of corresponding State share. Rs. 3.33 Crores under state share of PMKSY -Other Interventions is still pending with Government.

Conti.... For the year 2016-17, the AAP is for Rs. 304.91 crores GoI had directed to complete the Batch II projects by March, 2017. For completing 26 Batch II projects we need Rs.158.88 crores But GoI had fixed tentative allocation only Rs.11.37 crores for current year.

WAY FORWARD District Level Coordination Committees need be activated for better convergence. District Panchayath presidents may be appraised. Watershed Committees are inactive in most cases. To be activated. Involvement of Grama Panchayaths are minimal. Active participation of PRIs is essential for the effective implementation. This need be ensured.

Conti.... Watershed Committee Secretaries over burdened by three or more watersheds. May be re-deployed. TS & Check Measurement by LSGD Engineers. They may be appraised for timely action in watershed activities. No technical support from Line Departments.

Kerala Watershed Details Sl. No. Item Number Area (Lakh Ha.) 1 Total No. of Micro watersheds 4529 38.74 2 Total untreatable MWS (Barren, rocky, assured irrigation etc.) 1482 14.20 3 Total Treatable MWS 3047 24.54 4 Total MWS covered under other schemes 988 10.49 5 Total MWS covered under ongoing projects of IWMP 616 4.23 6 Balance MWS to be treated 1443 9.82 7 New projects proposed in 2016-17 154 1.11 8 Projects to be taken up in 2017-18 18 clusters 0.87 9 Projects to be taken up in 2018-19 18 clusters 0.75 10 Projects to be taken up in 2019-20 13 clusters 0.69 11 Projects to be taken up in 2020-21 13 clusters 0.68

SPECIAL FOCUS State has decided to follow River Basin Rejuvenation under Watershed Programme. Accordingly, based on River Basin Plans, project proposal for 24 watershed clusters are prepared as given below:- No. of Micro watersheds 154 Treatable Area 111761 Ha. Total Project Cost 157.64 crores This include 11 clusters in Bharathapuzha River Basin SLSC has approved Action Plan for Rs. 16.56 crores for the preparatory phase activities of these new projects

Treatable Area Project cost (Rs. PIA Block Projects Basin No. of MWS (ha) In lakhs) Panchayath Trivandrum- Ithikkara 4 3093 371.16 Kilimanur PMKSY 2016-17 Kollam-PMKSY Kallada 4 4009 601.35 Sasthamkotta 2016-17 Pathanamthitta- PMKSY 2016-17 Manimala 7 4258 510.96 Mallapally Alappuzha- Pampa 3 6070 728.4 Harippad PMKSY 2016-17 Kottayam- Moovattupuzha 9 5507 660.84 Kaduthuruthy PMKSY 2016-17 Idukki-PMKSY Periyar 6 4550 682.50 Adimali 2016-17 Ernakulam- Moovattupuzha 6 5804 696.48 Mulanthuruthy PMKSY 2016-17 Trissur-PMKSY Chalakkudy 6 2811 421.65 Chalakudy 2016-17

Treatable Area Project cost (Rs. PIA Block Projects Basin No. of MWS (ha) In lakhs) Panchayath 7 Srikrishnpuram 5918 887.70 7 Mannarkad 5622 843.30 5 Palakkad 4304 645.60 6 Mannarkad 4773 715.95 5 Chittur 4191 628.60 Palakkad-PMKSY 2016-17 Bharathapuzha 5 Chittur 4004 600.63 6 Kollengod 3363 504.45 6 Kollengod 4925 738.75 5 Nenmara 4354 653.10 6 Alathur 5569 835.35 6 Alathur 5295 794.25

Treatable Area Project cost (Rs. In PIA Block Projects Basin No. of MWS (ha) lakhs) Panchayath Malappuram- Kadalundy 8 4940 741.00 Perunthalmanna PMKSY 2016-17 Wayanad-PMKSY Kabini 7 5700 855.00 Sulthan Bathery 2016-17 Kozhikode- Mahe 11 4221 506.52 Kunnumel PMKSY 2016-17 Kannur-PMKSY Valappattanam 10 4096 614.4 Peravoor 2016-17 Kasaragod- Chandragiri 9 4384 526.08 Karadukka PMKSY 2016-17 24 CLUSTERS 154 111761 15764.02

Conti.... Convergence with other programmes to be ensured Inter and intra departmental convergence needed. Top priority is given for convergence with MGNREGS. Alappuzha is taken as a pilot district, and joint meeting of officials conducted. Convergence Plan based on DPR of IWMP and AAP & LB of MGNREGS is being prepared Convergence of not only NRM works, but also Production System, Livelihood and CB etc. Man power convergence also suggested WDT experts and MGNREGS Team should work together. The preparation of Convergence guideline is in the pipeline.

STATE LEVEL CAMPAIGN PROPOSED Jala Surakha Paristhithi Suraksha Bhakshya Suraksha With these mottos, a State wide campaign can be initiated in partnership with LSGIs PMKSY MGNRGS Kudumbashree

SOME INITIATIVES UNDER PMKSY ERSTWHILE IWMP

IWMP-IX/2012-2013, Thodupuzha Block, Idukki Bund construction with Coir Geo Textiles

WAYANAD IWMP -2/2010-11 Kalpetta Block Kunnamangalam vayal stream side protection Erumakolly watershed Meppadi Panchayath Total cost - Rs.2,00,000 Utilised amt- Rs.1,89,094 Lenght: 24 m Lbcd:2m Area irrigated: 5ha Crops: vegetables, plantain

IWMP-IV/2013-14 Pampakuda PIA Piravom Grama Panchayat

Before work Final Stage DIFFERENT STAGES OF WORKS Cleaning & Desiltation work done by NREGS workers Side protection by IWMP

WAYANAD IWMP -1/2010-11 Kalpetta Block System of Rice Intensification Kokkuzhi watershed IWMP IGI,Vengappally Panchayat Total cost-Rs.2,00,000 Utilised amount- Rs.1,78,500 No.of beneficiaries-42 Contd..