Understanding Vagal Indigestion in Ruminants: Causes and Types

 
Vagus indigestion
 
 
Dr. Bipin Kumar, Assistant Professor
Department of Veterinary Medicine
Bihar Veterinary College, Patna
(Bihar Animal Sciences University, Patna
)
 
 
 
 
Functional disturbance of the ruminants fore stomachs. Not one
specific disease, this is a syndrome which causes rumen distention.
Inappetance
 
Bradycardia
 
 Hypermotility of rumen
 
 
Paple shaped abdomen
 
 Scanty feces
 
Etiology
 
Various diseases can cause vagal indigestion due to injury,
inflammation, or pressure on the vagal nerve.
 
However, conditions resulting in mechanical obstruction of the
cardia or reticulo omasal orifice
 
TYPES OF VAGAL INDIGESTION
 
Based on the site of the functional obstruction
.
Type I is failure of eructation or free gas bloat,
Type II is a failure of omasal transport
,
Type III is abomasal impaction,
Type IV is partial obstruction of the fore stomach.
 
 
TYPE I VAGAL INDIGESTION
 FREE GAS BLOAT - Partial esophageal obstruction due to foreign body or
extra esophageal obstruction due to lymphosarcoma, thyroid tumors, lung
abscess.
FAILURE OF ERUCTATION - Inflammatory lesion adjacent to vagus
nerve (localized peritonitis).
TYPE II VAGAL INDIGESTION
FAILURE OF OMASAL TRANSPORT due to
Abscesses
Lymphosarcoma,
Papilloma,
 Squamous cell carcinoma,
 Large infarct, adhesions,
 Liver abscess exerting pressure of vagus.
 
TYPE III VAGAL INDIGESTION
 
ABOMASAL IMPACTION 
,Lack of water access
 
PYLORIC STENOSIS/OBSTRUCTIONS
Traumatic reticulo peritonitis
Abscesses or adhesions
Foreign body
Vagal neuritis
TYPE IV VAGAL INDIGESTION
 
Most difficult type- uterus enlarges, abomasum pushed
forward which interferes with normal motility. If going on for a
long time it will progress into one of the other types.
 
 
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Lesion site will determine the clinical signs
 
Vagal neuritis or injury - due to traumatic reticuloperitonitis, space
occupying lesions (tumors abscesses), or foreign body
 
CLINICAL SIGNS
 
 
Bradycardia- slow heart beat or pulse
 Abdominal distention ,Anorexia, loss or decreased appetite
 Ruminal tympany
 
An enlarged 'papple' –shaped abdomen
 
Scanty faeces with an increase in undigested particles or Absence of
faeces (constipation)
Hyper motility of rumen
Inadequate response to treatment
 
Diagnosis
 
CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
Moderate neutrophilia and shift to the left
 Increased plasma protein concentrations.This may be indicative of a
chronic reticuloperitonitis.
 
Serum biochemistry , Metabolic hypochloremic, hypokalemic
alkalosis.
Ruminal chloride concentrations .These are normally below 30
mmol/L and increased in posterior stenosis to levels above 40
mmol/L due to abomasal reflux .
Figure out what's in the rumen by palpation.
Increase in rumen fluid with abdominal impaction- hypochloremic,
hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis.
 Rectal palpation of rumen and other organs.
 
TREATMENT
 
 
TYPE I
Establish rumen fistula
Purported antifermentatives- turpentine
 
Type II
Ruminatorics and cathartics- GI evacuation
Ca gluconate i/v
Need surgical correction
Wont respond to symptomatic treatment
Needle biopsy of mass
Drain abscess
Pass a stomach tube
 
 
TYPE III
 
Vigorous thearpy- poor prognosis
 Salvage- recommended
 
Oral cathartics, laxatives, metaclopramide
 calcium gluconate
 IV fluids
 Last alternative- abomasotomy- not beneficial.
 
TYPE IV
 Indigestion of advanced pregnancy- IV fluids
 
Decide what is more valuable- cow or calf.
 If within 4-6 weeks of parturition- symptomatic treatment
 
ATROPINE TEST
 Inj.Atropine sulphate 30 mg sc or 0.06mg/kg
 A rise in heart rate of more than 20 beats/mt in 10 minutes is
suggestive of Vagal Indigestion
DYE TEST –
 To rule out Omasal Impaction in field condition
 
Mix charcoal or innocuous dye with 2 litres of 10 % salt solution
and drench, after 5 mts abomasocentesis is done ,absence of charcoal
or dye --- omasal impaction
Not Passing Dung
….?? Rumen Impaction
 Intestinal Obstruction
 Intestinal Intussusceptions
 Paralytic ileus
 
 
 
 
Thank you
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Vagal indigestion in ruminants is a functional disturbance affecting the fore stomachs, leading to symptoms like rumen distention, inappetence, bradycardia, and more. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome with various underlying causes such as injury, inflammation, or mechanical obstruction. The types of vagal indigestion are classified based on the site of functional obstruction, ranging from failure of eructation to abomasal impaction. Lesion sites determine clinical signs, with vagal neuritis or injury being common culprits.


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  1. Vagus indigestion Dr. Bipin Kumar, Assistant Professor Department of Veterinary Medicine Bihar Veterinary College, Patna (Bihar Animal Sciences University, Patna)

  2. Functional disturbance of the ruminants fore stomachs. Not one specific disease, this is a syndrome which causes rumen distention. Inappetance Bradycardia Hypermotility of rumen Paple shaped abdomen Scanty feces

  3. Etiology Various diseases can cause vagal indigestion due to injury, inflammation, or pressure on the vagal nerve. However, conditions resulting in mechanical obstruction of the cardia or reticulo omasal orifice

  4. TYPES OF VAGAL INDIGESTION Based on the site of the functional obstruction. Type I is failure of eructation or free gas bloat, Type II is a failure of omasal transport, Type III is abomasal impaction, Type IV is partial obstruction of the fore stomach.

  5. TYPE I VAGAL INDIGESTION FREE GAS BLOAT - Partial esophageal obstruction due to foreign body or extra esophageal obstruction due to lymphosarcoma, thyroid tumors, lung abscess. FAILURE OF ERUCTATION - Inflammatory lesion adjacent to vagus nerve (localized peritonitis). TYPE II VAGAL INDIGESTION FAILURE OF OMASAL TRANSPORT due to Abscesses Lymphosarcoma, Papilloma, Squamous cell carcinoma, Large infarct, adhesions, Liver abscess exerting pressure of vagus.

  6. TYPE III VAGAL INDIGESTION ABOMASAL IMPACTION ,Lack of water access PYLORIC STENOSIS/OBSTRUCTIONS Traumatic reticulo peritonitis Abscesses or adhesions Foreign body Vagal neuritis TYPE IV VAGAL INDIGESTION Most difficult type- uterus enlarges, abomasum pushed forward which interferes with normal motility. If going on for a long time it will progress into one of the other types.

  7. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Lesion site will determine the clinical signs Vagal neuritis or injury - due to traumatic reticuloperitonitis, space occupying lesions (tumors abscesses), or foreign body

  8. CLINICAL SIGNS Bradycardia- slow heart beat or pulse Abdominal distention ,Anorexia, loss or decreased appetite Ruminal tympany An enlarged 'papple' shaped abdomen Scanty faeces with an increase in undigested particles or Absence of faeces (constipation) Hyper motility of rumen Inadequate response to treatment

  9. Diagnosis CLINICAL PATHOLOGY Moderate neutrophilia and shift to the left Increased plasma protein concentrations.This may be indicative of a chronic reticuloperitonitis. Serum biochemistry , Metabolic hypochloremic, hypokalemic alkalosis. Ruminal chloride concentrations .These are normally below 30 mmol/L and increased in posterior stenosis to levels above 40 mmol/L due to abomasal reflux . Figure out what's in the rumen by palpation. Increase in rumen fluid with abdominal impaction- hypochloremic, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis. Rectal palpation of rumen and other organs.

  10. TREATMENT TYPE I Establish rumen fistula Purported antifermentatives- turpentine Type II Ruminatorics and cathartics- GI evacuation Ca gluconate i/v Need surgical correction Wont respond to symptomatic treatment Needle biopsy of mass Drain abscess Pass a stomach tube

  11. TYPE III Vigorous thearpy- poor prognosis Salvage- recommended Oral cathartics, laxatives, metaclopramide calcium gluconate IV fluids Last alternative- abomasotomy- not beneficial. TYPE IV Indigestion of advanced pregnancy- IV fluids Decide what is more valuable- cow or calf. If within 4-6 weeks of parturition- symptomatic treatment

  12. ATROPINE TEST Inj.Atropine sulphate 30 mg sc or 0.06mg/kg A rise in heart rate of more than 20 beats/mt in 10 minutes is suggestive of Vagal Indigestion DYE TEST To rule out Omasal Impaction in field condition Mix charcoal or innocuous dye with 2 litres of 10 % salt solution and drench, after 5 mts abomasocentesis is done ,absence of charcoal or dye --- omasal impaction Not Passing Dung .?? Rumen Impaction Intestinal Obstruction Intestinal Intussusceptions Paralytic ileus

  13. Thank you

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