Understanding Contraception: Methods, Importance, and Considerations

 
contraception
 
-SANJAY 
KATRAGADDA
80
 
Contraception=against
 
conception
The 
preventive 
methods
 
to
 
help
 
women
 
avoid
unwanted
 
pregnancies 
are
 
called
contraceptive
 
methods.
 
Need
 for
 
contraception
 
To
 
avoid
 
unwanted
 
pregnancies
 
To
 
regulate
 
the
 
timing
 
of
 
pregnancy
 
To
 regulate
 
the
 
interval
 
between
 
pregnancy
 
Ideal
 
contraceptive???
 
Safe
Effective
Acceptable
Reversible
Inexpensive
Long
 
lasting
Requires
 
little
 
or
 
no
 
medical
 supervision
 
Contraceptive
 
methods
 
t
 
Contraceptive
 
methods
 
Spacing
 
methods
1)Barrier
2)IUDs
3)Hormonal
4)Emergency
 
contraception
 
Terminal
 
methods
1)Male 
fertilisation
2)Female
 
fertilisation
 
Barrier
 
methods
 
Male
 
condoms
Female
 
condoms
Diaphragm
Spermicides
 
Male
 
condom
 
Most 
commonly 
known and 
used
contraceptive
Better
 
known
 
in
 
India
 
as
 NIRODH
 
Female
 
condom
 
Diaph
r
agm
 
spermicides
 
Spermicides 
are surface
 
active
 
agents
 
which
attach
 
themselves
 
to
 
spermatozoa
 
and
 
kill
them.
Available
 
in 
various
 
forms 
like
1.
Foams
2.
Creams
3.
Suppositories
4.
Soluble
 
films
 
Intra 
uterine
 
devices
 
1
st
 
generation
:
-Inert/non-medicated 
devices
Eg:lippes
 
loop(left
 
as
 
long
 
as
 
required)
2
nd
 
genration:
-Metallic
 
IUDs
-Cu-T380
 
A(10
 
years)
-Nova
 
T(5
 
years)
-Multiload
 
devices
3
rd
 
generation:
-Hormonal
 
IUDs
-progestasert(2
 
years)
-Mirena(LNG-20)(10
 
years)
 
Contraindication
Timing:At
 
the
 
time 
of
 
menstruation
post
 
partum,post
 
pueperal
Side
 effects:1)bleeding
2)pain
3)PID
4)perforation 
of 
uterus
5)Ectopic
 
pregnancy
 
Hormonal
 
contraceptives
 
Combined
 
pill:
-combination
 
of 
estrogen
 
and
 progestogen
-MALA-N,MALA-D(0.15mg 
levonorgestrel 
& 0.03mg
ethinyl
 
estradiol)
Prgestogen 
only
 
pill
-used 
in 
people 
above 
40 
years 
of 
age 
& 
CVS 
problem
Post
 
coital
 
contraception:
-Levonorgestrel
-Ullipristal
-Mifepristone
 
Adverse
 
effects
 
Cardiovascular
 
effects
Carcinogenesis
Metabolic
 effects
Liver
 
adenomas
Weight 
gain
Breast
 
tenderness
 
Depot
 
formulations
 
Injectables:
DMPA-150
 
mg
 
IM
 
inj
 
every
 
3
 monthly
 
Subdermal
 
impants:
Norplant-6
 
silastic
 
capsules,
 
each
 
containing
35
 
mg 
of
 
levonorgestrol
-protection
 
for
 
5
 
years
 
misc
 
Abstinence:only
 
method
 
that
 
is
 
100%
 
effective
Coitus
 interuptus
Rhythm 
method
BBT
Cervical
 
mucus
Symptothermic
 
method
 
Terminal
 
methods
 
Permanent
 
methods
One
 
time
 
method
-Guidelines
Husbands
 
age:25-50
 
years
Wife’s
 
age:20-45
2
 
living
 
children at 
the
 
time
 
of 
operation
 
Male
 
sterilaisation
 
Male
 
sterilisation
 
Complications:
Operative
Sperm
 
granules
Spontaneous
 
recanalisation
Ps
y
chologi
c
al
Post 
op
 
advice:
Not
 
sterile 
till
 
30
 
ejaculations
Avoid
 bathing
 
till
 
24
 
hours
 
of
 
operation
Avoiding 
heavy
 
weights
 
and
 
wearing
 
a
 
langot
 
Female
 
sterilisation
 
Laparoscopy
Mini
 
lap
 
Evaluation
 of 
contraceptive
 
methods
 
Pearl
 
index:
-failures
 
per
 
100
 
women
 
years
 
of 
exposure
P
earl
 
ind
e
x
=
 
t
o
t
al accide
n
t
al 
p
r
egnancies
  
X1200
total
 
months
 of
 
exposure
 
Life
 
table
 
analysis:failure
 
rate
 
for
 
each 
month
 
of
use.then
 
the 
cumulative
 
rate
 
is
 
found
 
out
 
Family
 
planning
 
in
 
india
 
India 
was 
the 
first 
country in 
the 
world to 
have
launched a 
National 
Programme 
for 
Family
Planning
 
in 1952.
Over 
the 
decades, 
the 
programme 
has 
undergone
transformation
 
in
 terms of
 
policy
 
and
 
actual
programme 
implementation 
and 
currently being
repositioned 
to 
not only 
achieve 
population
stabilization
 
goals
 but
 
also
 promote
 
reproductive
health 
and 
reduce 
maternal, 
infant 
& 
child
mortality
 
and 
morbidity
 
Whom
 
to
 
target???
 
Eligible
 
couple:
-Currently
 
married
 
couple
 
where
 
in
 
the
 
wife
 
is
 
in the
reproductive
 
age 
(15-45
 
years)
Unmet
 
need
 
of
 
contraception:
-Women 
with 
unmet 
need 
are 
those who 
are 
fecund
and 
sexually
 
active but
 
are
 not using
 
any
 
method
 
of
contraception, 
and 
report 
not 
wanting 
any 
more
children or 
wanting
 
to
 
delay
 
the
 
next
 
child.
-The 
concept 
of 
unmet 
need 
points 
to 
the 
gap 
between
women's 
reproductive 
intentions 
and their
contraceptive
 
behaviour
-Lack
 
of
 
awareness
 
and
 
accessibility
 
UNMET
 
NEED
 
OF
 
CONTRACEPTION
 
Table
 
1.1:Data
 
showing
 
the
 
unmet
 
need
 
of 
contraception
 
in
 
people
 
of
INDIA
 
and
 
MP(NFHS
 
4)
 
Initiatives
 
Doorstep
 
delivery
 
of
 
contraceptives
Incentives
 
for
 ASHA
 
and
 
people
 
for
 
spacing
the
 pregnancies
Incentives
 
for
 ASHA
 
and
 
people
 
for
 
permanent
sterilisation
Awareness
 
programs
 
for
 
birth
 
spacing
 
and
contraception
 
Thank
 
you
Slide Note
Embed
Share

Contraception refers to methods used to prevent unwanted pregnancies, regulate pregnancy timing, and spacing between pregnancies. It is essential for women's reproductive health and can include barrier methods, hormonal methods, emergency contraception, and intrauterine devices. These methods are safe, effective, reversible, and ideally low-cost, requiring minimal medical supervision. Contraception plays a crucial role in empowering individuals to make informed choices about their reproductive health.


Uploaded on Aug 01, 2024 | 3 Views


Download Presentation

Please find below an Image/Link to download the presentation.

The content on the website is provided AS IS for your information and personal use only. It may not be sold, licensed, or shared on other websites without obtaining consent from the author. Download presentation by click this link. If you encounter any issues during the download, it is possible that the publisher has removed the file from their server.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. contraception -SANJAY KATRAGADDA 80

  2. Contraception=against conception The preventive methods to help women avoid unwanted pregnancies are called contraceptive methods.

  3. Need for contraception Toavoid unwanted pregnancies Toregulate the timing of pregnancy Toregulate the interval between pregnancy

  4. Ideal contraceptive??? Safe Effective Acceptable Reversible Inexpensive Longlasting Requires little or no medical supervision

  5. t Contraceptive methods

  6. Contraceptivemethods Spacingmethods 1)Barrier Terminalmethods 1)Male fertilisation 2)Femalefertilisation 2)IUDs 3)Hormonal 4)Emergency contraception

  7. Barrier methods Male condoms Female condoms Diaphragm Spermicides

  8. Male condom Most commonly known and used contraceptive Better known in India as NIRODH

  9. Female condom

  10. Diaphragm

  11. spermicides Spermicides are surface active agents which attach themselves to spermatozoa and kill them. Available in various forms like 1. Foams 2. Creams 3. Suppositories 4. Soluble films

  12. Intra uterine devices 1stgeneration: -Inert/non-medicated devices Eg:lippesloop(leftas long as required) 2ndgenration: -Metallic IUDs -Cu-T380A(10 years) -Nova T(5years) -Multiloaddevices 3rdgeneration: -HormonalIUDs -progestasert(2years) -Mirena(LNG-20)(10years)

  13. Contraindication Timing:At the time of menstruation post partum,post pueperal Side effects:1)bleeding 2)pain 3)PID 4)perforation of uterus 5)Ectopic pregnancy

  14. Hormonal contraceptives Combinedpill: -combination of estrogen and progestogen -MALA-N,MALA-D(0.15mg levonorgestrel & 0.03mg ethinyl estradiol) Prgestogen only pill -used in people above 40 years of age & CVS problem Post coital contraception: -Levonorgestrel -Ullipristal -Mifepristone

  15. Adverse effects Cardiovascular effects Carcinogenesis Metabolic effects Liver adenomas Weight gain Breast tenderness

  16. Depot formulations Injectables: DMPA-150 mg IM inj every 3 monthly Subdermal impants: Norplant-6 silastic capsules, each containing 35 mg of levonorgestrol -protection for 5 years

  17. misc Abstinence:only method that is 100% effective Coitus interuptus Rhythm method BBT Cervical mucus Symptothermic method

  18. Terminalmethods Permanent methods One time method -Guidelines Husbands age:25-50 years Wife s age:20-45 2 living children at the time of operation

  19. Male sterilaisation

  20. Male sterilisation Complications: Operative Sperm granules Spontaneous recanalisation Psychological Post op advice: Not sterile till 30 ejaculations Avoid bathing till 24 hours of operation Avoiding heavy weights and wearing a langot

  21. Female sterilisation Laparoscopy Mini lap

  22. Evaluation of contraceptive methods Pearl index: -failures per 100 women years of exposure Pearl index= total accidental pregnancies X1200 total months of exposure Life table analysis:failure rate for each month of use.then the cumulative rate is found out

  23. Family planning in india India was the first country in the world to have launched a National Programme for Family Planning in 1952. Over the decades, the programme has undergone transformation in terms of policy and actual programme implementation and currently being repositioned to not only achieve population stabilization goals but also promote reproductive health and reduce maternal, infant & child mortality and morbidity

  24. Whom to target??? Eligible couple: -Currently married couple where in the wife is in the reproductiveage (15-45years) Unmet need of contraception: -Women with unmet need are those who are fecund and sexually active but are not using any method of contraception, and report not wanting any more children or wanting to delay the next child. -The concept of unmet need points to the gap between women's reproductive intentions and their contraceptivebehaviour -Lackof awarenessand accessibility

  25. UNMET NEED OF CONTRACEPTION Urban Rural Total NFHS 3 INDIA 12.1 13.2 12.9 13.9 MP 13.5 11.6 12.1 12.1 Table 1.1:Data showing the unmet need of contraception in people of INDIA and MP(NFHS 4)

  26. Initiatives Doorstep delivery of contraceptives Incentives for ASHA and people for spacing the pregnancies Incentives for ASHA and people for permanent sterilisation Awareness programs for birth spacing and contraception

  27. Familyplanningmethod Servivceprovider IUCD 380 A and Cu IUCD 375 Trained & certified ANMs, LHVs, SNs and doctors Combined Oral Contraceptive (Mala-N) Trained ASHAs, ANMs, LHVs, SNs and doctors Condoms Trained ASHAs, ANMs, LHVs, SNs and doctors Emergency Contraceptive Pill (Ezy Pill) Trained ASHAs, ANMs, LHVs, SNs and doctors Minilap Trained & certified MBBS doctors & Specialist Doctors Trained & certified MBBS doctors & Specialist Doctors Laparoscopic Sterilization NSV: No Scalpel Vasectomy Trained & certified MBBS doctors & Specialist Doctors

  28. Thank you

Related


More Related Content

giItT1WQy@!-/#giItT1WQy@!-/#giItT1WQy@!-/#