The Protestant Reformation and Its Impact on the Church
The Protestant Reformation was a period of religious upheaval in the 16th century, marked by criticism of the Roman Catholic Church's practices and beliefs. Martin Luther challenged the church by advocating salvation through faith alone and rejecting certain traditional practices. John Calvin emphasized predestination and the sinful nature of humans. The movement led to the spread of Protestantism and the establishment of Anglicanism, while the Catholic Church responded with its own reforms.
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THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION CHAPTER 14 SECTION 3/ CHAPTER 16 WHY DID THE CHURCH FACE WIDESPREAD CRITICISM? HOW DID MARTIN LUTHER CHALLENGE THE CHURCH? WHAT ROLE DID JOHN CALVIN PLAY IN THE REFORMATION? VOCABULARY: INDULGENCE, RECANT, PREDESTINATION, THEOCRACY
LUTHERS TEACHINGS GERMAN PROFESSOR OF THEOLOGY ALSO A MONK, PRIEST, AND COMPOSER. HE ARGUED THAT SALVATION COULD ONLY BE ACHIEVED THROUGH FAITH. HE DECLARED THAT THE BIBLE WAS THE SOLE SOURCE OF RELIGIOUS TRUTH. HE REJECTED THE IDEA THAT PRIESTS HELD SPECIAL POWERS. HE REJECTED SOME OF THE SACRAMENTS BECAUSE THE BIBLE DID NOT MENTION THEM.
ABUSES IN THE CHURCH DURING THE RENAISSANCE, THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH FELL ON HARD TIMES. POPES, LIKE OTHER RENAISSANCE RULERS, MAINTAINED A LAVISH LIFESTYLE. THE CHURCH CONTINUED TO HIRE PAINTERS TO BEAUTIFY CHURCHES (SUCH AS THE CATHEDRAL OF ST. PETER S IN ROME) TO FINANCE SUCH PROJECTS, THE CHURCH INCREASED FEES FOR RELIGIOUS SERVICES * INDULGENCES (PARDON FOR SINS), WHICH WAS SUPPOSE TO BE GRANTED FOR GOOD DEEDS AND REPENTANCE. IN THE 1400S THIS COULD BE OBTAINED IN EXCHANGE FOR A MONETARY GIFT
MARTIN LUTHER IN 1517, PROTESTS AGAINST CHURCH ABUSES ERUPTED INTO A FULL-SCALE REVOLT. LUTHER DREW UP HIS 95 THESES, A LIST OF ARGUMENTS AGAINST THE SALE OF INDULGENCES. THE CHURCH WANTED HIM TO RECANT, OR TAKE BACK HIS VIEWS. HE REFUSED AND WAS EXCOMMUNICATED BY THE POPE.
JOHN CALVIN SALVATION IS GAINED THROUGH FAITH ALONE. BELIEVED HUMANS WERE BY NATURE SINFUL. HE PREACHED PREDESTINATION, WHICH WAS AN IDEA THAT GOD HAD LONG AGO DETERMINED WHO WOULD GAIN SALVATION.
THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION SPREADS HENRY VIII HE WAS CATHOLIC. THE CHURCH/POPE WOULD NOT ANNUL HIS MARRIAGE TO CATHERINE HENRY THEN BROKE AWAY FROM ACT OF SUPREMACY HE IS SUPREME HEAD OF ENGLISH CHURCH HE THEN MARRIES ANNE BOLEYN THEY HAVE A DAUGHTER, ELIZABETH (POPULAR, PROTESTANT) HE REMARRIES SEVERAL TIMES TRYING TO HAVE A SON. ANGLICAN ENGLISH PROTESTANTISM ( BOOK OF COMMON PRAYER ) ELIZABETH I 1558 BECOMES QUEEN: ENGLAND IS OFFICIALLY PROTESTANT (SHE IS KNOWN FOR COMPROMISE)
THE CATHOLIC (COUNTER) REFORMATION THE CATHOLIC CHURCH RESPONDS: THEY REFORM, OR MAKE IMPROVEMENTS. MISSIONARIES ( JESUITS ) GOING OUT TO SPREAD CATHOLICISM THROUGHOUT EUROPE. COUNCIL OF TRENT MEETINGS CALLED BY THE POPE THAT START CATHOLIC REFORMATION (1545-1565). (REAFFIRMED TRADITION) INQUISITION ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH COURT USED TO GET RID OF HERESY (RELIGIOUS BELIEF THAT IS CONTRARY TO THE OFFICIAL TEACHINGS OF THE CHURCH)
KEY IDEA: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION BROUGHT RELIGIOUS DISUNITY & SWEEPING CHANGES TO RELIGION THROUGHOUT WESTERN EUROPE.
KEY TERMS ANABAPTISTS PROTESTANT SECT THAT ARGUED AGAINST INFANT BAPTISM ANNUL TO CANCEL (DIVORCE) JESUITS GROUP DETERMINED TO COMBAT HERESY AND SPREAD THE CATHOLIC FAITH GHETTO SET UP DURING THE REFORMATION AND JEWISH PEOPLE WERE FORCED TO LIVE THERE.
THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION (CAUSES) LONG-TERM CAUSES ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH BECOMES MORE WORLDLY (SECULAR) HUMANISTS WANT SIMPLER RELIGION STRONG NATIONAL MONARCH EMERGE IMMEDIATE CAUSES INDULGENCES MARTIN LUTHER POSTS 95 THESES BIBLE TRANSLATED INTO GERMAN PRINTING PRESS
THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION (EFFECTS) IMMEDIATE EFFECTS PEASANT REVOLTS (VIOLENCE, WARS, ) LUTHERANISM, CALVINISM, ANGLICANISM, WEAKENING OF HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE LONG-TERM EFFECTS RELIGIOUS CONFLICT & WARS CONTINUE CATHOLIC (COUNTER) REFORMATION JEWISH RELOCATION TO EASTERN EUROPE ANTI-SEMITISM INCREASES
CLASSWORK: 3/29/17 READ CHAPTER 14 SECTION 3 (P. 353- 357) IN THE MAROON WORLD HISTORY TEXTBOOK ANSWER QUESTIONS 2A-D, AND 4A AND B ON PAGE 357 TO BE COMPLETED ON SCHOOLOGY
PROTESTANT REFORMATION REVIEW: 1 WHICH TERM IS DEFINED AS A RENAISSANCE MOVEMENT CHARACTERIZED BY INDEPENDENT THOUGHT AND A RENEWED INTEREST IN CLASSICAL GREEK AND ROMAN CULTURE? (1)MULTICULTURALISM (2)NATIONALISM (3)HUMANISM (4)MONASTICISM 2 JOHANNES GUTENBERG, KING HENRY VIII, & JOHN CALVIN: WHICH EVENT IN EUROPEAN HISTORY WAS MOST DIRECTLY INFLUENCED BY THESE INDIVIDUALS? (1) RECONQUISTA (2) GLORIOUS REVOLUTION (3) PROTESTANT REFORMATION (4) TRANS-ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE 3 ONE MAJOR EFFECT OF THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION ON WESTERN EUROPE WAS THE (1) DECLINE IN RELIGIOUS UNITY (2) INCREASED POWER OF THE CATHOLIC POPE (3) REDUCTION IN RELIGIOUS WARS (4) INCREASE IN THE SALE OF INDULGENCES BY THE CATHOLIC CHURCH
BOOK REVIEW WORK STUDY THE MAP ON PAGE 361, AND READ THE CAPTION THAT GOES WITH IT. ANSWER QUESTIONS #2 & 3 IN THE GREEN BOX UNDERNEATH THE MAP. PAGE 357, #3, 6 HOW DID THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION REFLECT HUMANIST IDEAS? IF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH HAD UNDERTAKEN REFORM EARLIER, DO YOU THINK THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION WOULD HAVE OCCURRED? EXPLAIN. CHAPTER 14, SECTIONS 3 & 4: VOCABULARY! PEOPLE! EVENTS! IDEAS!
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