Introduction to Pseudocode and Flowcharts in Computer Programming

Explore the concept of pseudocode and flowcharts in computer programming through a detailed explanation of their use in problem-solving, algorithm development, and program design. Learn how to define a problem, plan a solution, code a program, compile and run it, and test/debug the program effectively. Gain insights into creating pseudocode examples and designing flowcharts to represent algorithms visually. Enhance your understanding of key programming concepts with practical applications and illustrations.

• Pseudocode
• Flowcharts
• Problem-solving
• Algorithm Development
• Programming Concepts

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1. King Saud University College Of Applied Studies and Community Services CSC 1101 Computer Programming-1 Done By: Asmal Alosaimi Edited By: Noor Alhareqi & Alaa Altheneyan CHAPTER 1 PSEUDOCODE & FLOWCHARTS 1stSemester 2015

2. Levels of Program Development 2 1. Define the problem. Human thought 2. Plan the problem solution. writing the algorithm [pseudo-natural language (English, Arabic) or drawing the flowchart diagram). 3. Code the program. High Level Programming Language (C, C++, Java, ) 4. Compile the program. Machine Code 5. Run the program. 6. Test and debug the program. Asma Alosaimi

3. From Lec1 we learn that 3 When planning for a problem solution, algorithms are used to outline the solution steps using English like statements, called pseudocode. or A flowchart , which is a graphical representation of an algorithm. Asma Alosaimi

4. Pseudocode 4 Pseudocode is a detailed description of what a computer program must do, expressed in an English like language rather than in a programming language. Asma Alosaimi

5. Pseudocode Example 5 Write a Program to Print the Sum of two integer Numbers Start the program Read the first number and save in the variable ( N1 ) Read the second number and save in the variable ( N2 ) Sum the both numbers and save the result in the variable ( Sum ) Sum = N1 + N2 Print the variable ( Sum ) End the program 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Asma Alosaimi

6. Flowchart 6 A flowchart is a type of diagram that represents an algorithm , showing the steps as boxes of various kinds [ex: rectangles, diamonds, ovals], and their order by connecting these with arrows. Asma Alosaimi

7. Flowcharts Symbols 7 Start Start/End End Print n1 Read n1 Read/Print (input/output) N2 = n1+3 N2 = 5 Arithmetic Operations (process) n1 > 3 Decision , can be used with loops Move from step to step

8. Solution start 8 Draw a flowchart for a program that calculates and print the area and the perimeter of a rectangle. Input Length width Processing Area = length*width Perimeter = 2*( length + width) Output Area Perimeter Read L, W area = L * W perimeter = 2 (L+W) Print area Print perimeter End Asma Alosaimi

9. Example 2 9 Draw the flow chart for a program that calculates the total salary for an employee using this equation: Total_Sal = Salary +Overtime Asma Alosaimi

10. Solution 10 start Input Salary Overtime Processing Total_Sal = Salary +Overtime Output Total_Sal Read Salary Read Overtime Total_Sal = Salary +Overtime Print Total_Sal End Asma Alosaimi

11. Example 3 11 Draw a flowchart for a program that determine if the temperature degree is above or below freezing. Input Temp. Processing Check if Temp is below the 32 below freezing. Check if Temp is above the 32 above freezing. Output Print below freezing or above freezing Asma Alosaimi

12. Solution 12 Asma Alosaimi

13. Example 4 13 Draw a flowchart for a program that calculates the Zakat, where the user enter the amount of money then the program show the zakat. Zakat =(2.5/100) * amount. Zakat is not calculated if the amount is less than 1000 S.R Asma Alosaimi

14. Solution 14 Input amount. Processing Check if amount is below 1000 Zakat =0. Check if amount is above 1000 Zakat =(2.5/100) * amount Output Zakat Asma Alosaimi

15. Solution 15 Start Read amount yes no Amount > 1000 Zakat=0. Zakat=(2.5/100)*amount Print Zakat Asma Alosaimi End

16. Example 5 16 Draw a flowchart to find the sum of first 50 natural numbers. 1+2+3+ .. +50 Asma Alosaimi

17. 17 Asma Alosaimi