Wind and Atmospheric Phenomena
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Wind: Air in motion produced by the
uneven heating of earth’s surface by
the sun
Anemometer: A
device that
measures wind
speed
*****KEY CONCEPT*****
Winds are named for
the
direction that they are coming
from
Example: A north wind in
NYS usually brings
cold air
because it comes
from
Canada/the north
.
Isobar: Line on a
weather map
connecting places
with the same
atmospheric pressure
Pressure gradient: Rate
of change in air pressure
between two points on a
map
Closer isobars= higher
gradient=faster the winds
Coriolis Effect: Apparent
bending of the winds, ocean
currents or objects along
Earth’s surface; caused by
Earth’s rotation
Without rotation,
winds would blow
straight from areas of
high
pressure (North
Pole) to areas of
low
pressure (equator)
Jet Stream: Currents of
very fast winds in the
stratosphere;
separates hot air from
warm air from cold air
Jet streams blow
from
west to east in
mid-latitudes
Jet streams are important
because they influence
the development and
movement of storm
systems
Planetary Wind Belts (ESRT
14): Latitude zone of prevailing
wind conditions
Prevailing winds: Wind that
blows more often from one
direction than from any other
Difference in air
pressure and prevailing
winds can often mean
different weather
conditions
Much of the contiguous US is
affected by planetary winds that
blow from the southwest to the
northeast
As a result, weather in the US
generally moves from SW to NE
Example: In the winter, the northern
portions of the US often get cold
weather conditions from Canada
caused by northerly prevailing
winds. In the summer, the same
regions usually have more southerly
prevailing winds
Monsoons: A regular and
extreme weather change
caused by the shift of wind
and pressure belts, which is
directly related to the
changes in seasons
Example: India- when
winds are off the land, India
experiences a drought.
When winds are off the
water, India experiences
high amounts of rain
Cool places usually have
relatively
high
air
pressure and warmer
places
h
ave
relatively
lower
air pressure
****KEY IDEA****
Winds always blow
from areas of
high
pressure
to areas of
low pressure
During the day, land heats up
quicker
than water
Warm air rising over land
causes
low pressure, a sea breeze
and clouds
over the land. This
happens during the day.
Warm above slowly
cooling water at night
creates
low pressure, a
land breeze and clouds
over the water. This
happens at night.
Surface ocean currents are
caused by wind blowing over
the oceans and transferring
energy to the water- huge
impact on climate!
Wind is air in motion driven by the uneven heating of the Earth's surface. Learn about key concepts such as anemometers, isobars, pressure gradients, the Coriolis Effect, and jet streams, which all play crucial roles in meteorology. Winds are named based on their direction, and jet streams influence storm development. Explore how these factors shape weather patterns and impact our environment.
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Presentation Transcript
Wind: Air in motion produced by the uneven heating of earth s surface by the sun
Anemometer: A device that measures wind speed
*****KEY CONCEPT***** Winds are named for the direction that they are coming from Example: A north wind in NYS usually brings cold air because it comes from Canada/the north.
Isobar: Line on a weather map connecting places with the same atmospheric pressure
Pressure gradient: Rate of change in air pressure between two points on a map Closer isobars= higher gradient=faster the winds
Coriolis Effect: Apparent bending of the winds, ocean currents or objects along Earth s surface; caused by Earth s rotation
Without rotation, winds would blow straight from areas of high pressure (North Pole) to areas of low pressure (equator)
Jet Stream: Currents of very fast winds in the stratosphere; separates hot air from warm air from cold air
Jet streams blow from west to east in mid-latitudes
Jet streams are important because they influence the development and movement of storm systems
Planetary Wind Belts (ESRT 14): Latitude zone of prevailing wind conditions Prevailing winds: Wind that blows more often from one direction than from any other
Difference in air pressure and prevailing winds can often mean different weather conditions
Much of the contiguous US is affected by planetary winds that blow from the southwest to the northeast As a result, weather in the US generally moves from SW to NE
Example: In the winter, the northern portions of the US often get cold weather conditions from Canada caused by northerly prevailing winds. In the summer, the same regions usually have more southerly prevailing winds
Monsoons: A regular and extreme weather change caused by the shift of wind and pressure belts, which is directly related to the changes in seasons
Example: India- when winds are off the land, India experiences a drought. When winds are off the water, India experiences high amounts of rain
Cool places usually have relatively high air pressure and warmer places have relatively lower air pressure
****KEY IDEA**** Winds always blow from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure
During the day, land heats up quicker than water Warm air rising over land causes low pressure, a sea breeze and clouds over the land. This happens during the day.
Warm above slowly cooling water at night creates low pressure, a land breeze and clouds over the water. This happens at night.
Surface ocean currents are caused by wind blowing over the oceans and transferring energy to the water- huge impact on climate!
