Insights into Wind Power Efficiency and Practical Applications
Practical Power from
the Wind
image from
courtesy of Iowa Film Officehttp://www.iowalifechanging.com/imagelib/imagepages/gallery.aspx?id=26#2
Theoretical Wind Power
Energy = Power * time
Power = Energy/time
wind energy = ½
Atv
3
wind power = ½
Av
3
Betz Factor
•
The ratio of practical power to the
power in the wind is called the
Betz
Factor
•
Betz Factor = 16/27 = 0.593
Practical Wind Power
wind power = ½c
p
Av
3
where c
p
= 0.593 for wind
turbines using lift (not
drag) Betz Factor
Clipper Wind:
Actual Power Curve
Power curve from
http://www.clipperwind.com/pdf/liberty_brochure.pdf
Clipper Wind:
Actual Power Curve
•
Any power generated
by the turbine will be
significantly less than
½c
p
Av
3
.
•
This is a result of losses
in converting
mechanical to electrical
power, friction, etc.
Power curve from
http://www.clipperwind.com/pdf/liberty_brochure.pdf
Clipper Wind:
Actual Power Curve
•
power = ½c
p
Av
3
•
For example at v =
10m/s, theoretical
power = ½(0.593)*
1.2 kg/m
3
)*(7854m
2
)*
(10m/s)
3
= 2.79 MW
•
At 10 m/s, Actual Power
1800 kW = 1.8 MW
•
Efficiency = 64%
Power curve from
http://www.clipperwind.com/pdf/liberty_brochure.pdf
Clipper Wind:
Actual Power Curve
•
At 5 m/s, Power
225
kW
•
At 10 m/s, Power
1800 kW
•
This is an 8x increase as
expected by
wind power
v
3
Power curve from
http://www.clipperwind.com/pdf/liberty_brochure.pdf
Clipper Wind:
Actual Power Curve
•
After 10 m/s,
wind power
v
3
will not
accurately predict the
power.
•
This is due to the
generator and other
mechanical components
of the turbine unable to
increase power output
proportional to the wind
velocity
Power curve from
http://www.clipperwind.com/pdf/liberty_brochure.pdf
Clipper Wind:
Actual Power Curve
•
The cut-out wind
velocity of this turbine
is 25m/s
•
The constant output of
power between 13m/s
and 25 m/s is achieved
through pitch control
Power curve from
http://www.clipperwind.com/pdf/liberty_brochure.pdf
Clipper Wind - Pitch Control
•
Pitch control allows the blade of each turbine
to be oriented in a manner to maximize wind
power prior to 2.5MW on the Liberty 2.5 MW
Wind Turbine.
•
Once the output reaches 2.5 MW, pitch
control will be used to limit the power from
the wind in order to maintain a constant
2.5MW output from the 4 generators.
Power curve from
http://www.clipperwind.com/pdf/liberty_brochure.pdf
Exploring the practical and theoretical aspects of wind power, including the Betz Factor and Clipper Wind's actual power curve. Understanding how wind speed affects power output and the limitations of wind turbines in harnessing energy effectively.
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Presentation Transcript
Practical Power from the Wind image from http://www.iowalifechanging.com/imagelib/imagepages/gallery.aspx?id=26#2 courtesy of Iowa Film Office
Theoretical Wind Power Energy = Power * time Power = Energy/time wind energy = Atv3 wind power = Av3
Betz Factor The ratio of practical power to the power in the wind is called the Betz Factor Betz Factor = 16/27 = 0.593
Practical Wind Power wind power = cp Av3 where cp = 0.593 for wind turbines using lift (not drag) Betz Factor
Clipper Wind: Actual Power Curve Power curve from http://www.clipperwind.com/pdf/liberty_brochure.pdf
Clipper Wind: Actual Power Curve Any power generated by the turbine will be significantly less than cp Av3. This is a result of losses in converting mechanical to electrical power, friction, etc. Power curve from http://www.clipperwind.com/pdf/liberty_brochure.pdf
Clipper Wind: Actual Power Curve power = cp Av3 For example at v = 10m/s, theoretical power = (0.593)* (1.2 kg/m3)*(7854m2)* (10m/s)3 = 2.79 MW At 10 m/s, Actual Power 1800 kW = 1.8 MW Efficiency = 64% Power curve from http://www.clipperwind.com/pdf/liberty_brochure.pdf
Clipper Wind: Actual Power Curve At 5 m/s, Power 225 kW At 10 m/s, Power 1800 kW This is an 8x increase as expected by wind power v3 Power curve from http://www.clipperwind.com/pdf/liberty_brochure.pdf
Clipper Wind: Actual Power Curve After 10 m/s, wind power v3 will not accurately predict the power. This is due to the generator and other mechanical components of the turbine unable to increase power output proportional to the wind velocity Power curve from http://www.clipperwind.com/pdf/liberty_brochure.pdf
Clipper Wind: Actual Power Curve The cut-out wind velocity of this turbine is 25m/s The constant output of power between 13m/s and 25 m/s is achieved through pitch control Power curve from http://www.clipperwind.com/pdf/liberty_brochure.pdf
Clipper Wind - Pitch Control Pitch control allows the blade of each turbine to be oriented in a manner to maximize wind power prior to 2.5MW on the Liberty 2.5 MW Wind Turbine. Once the output reaches 2.5 MW, pitch control will be used to limit the power from the wind in order to maintain a constant 2.5MW output from the 4 generators. Power curve from http://www.clipperwind.com/pdf/liberty_brochure.pdf
