The Light Microscope: A Comprehensive Guide
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Light Microscope
Electron
Microscope
Invited by a spectacle maker,
Zacharias Janssen
, around the year 1590
Light Microscope
•
The light microscope (also called an optical or compound
microscope ) uses lenses and light to enlarge the image
Light Microscope (LM)
Base
Arm
Head
Eyepiece
(Ocular lenses
)
Revolving nosepiece
(Turret)
Objective
lenses
Stage
Condenser
Power switch
&
Brightness control
Illuminator
(Lamp)
Stage motion
knob
Coarse & Fine
adjustment knobs
•
The
l
ight
m
icroscope
h
as
t
wo
s
ystems
o
f
l
enses
f
or
g
reater
m
agnification
:
1
)
The
ocular
,
or
eyepiece
lens
that
one
looks
into
2
)
The
objective
lens
,
or
the
lens
closest
to
the
object
Ocular Lenses
Objective Lenses
X 10
X 40
X 100
X 400
X 1000
•
The Magnification power of the LM is limited to
1000-2000 X.
•
The Resolving power (resolution) of the LM is
0.2 µm.
•
The resolving power (resolution) is defined as the smallest distance
between two particles at which they can be seen as separated
objects.
•
Note: 1
µm
=
1e-6 m
L
i
g
h
t
M
i
c
r
o
s
c
o
p
e
(
L
M
)
1.
Start
w
ith
t
he
l
owest
p
ower
o
bjective
l
ens
f
irst
a
nd
w
hile
l
ooking
f
rom
t
he
s
ide
,
c
rank
t
he
l
ens
d
own
a
s
c
lose
t
o
t
he
s
pecimen
a
s
p
ossible
w
ithout
t
ouching
i
t
.
2.
Now
,
l
ook
t
hrough
t
he
e
yepiece
l
ens
a
nd
f
ocus
u
pward
o
nly
u
ntil
t
he
i
mage
i
s
s
harp
.
I
f
y
ou
c
an’t
g
et
i
t
i
n
f
ocus
,
r
epeat
t
he
p
rocess
a
gain
.
3.
Once
t
he
i
mage
i
s
s
harp
w
ith
t
he
l
ow
p
ower
l
ens
,
y
ou
s
hould
b
e
a
ble
t
o
s
imply
c
lick
i
n
t
he
n
ext
p
ower
l
ens
a
nd
d
o
m
inor
a
djustments
w
ith
t
he
f
ine
a
djustment
k
nob
.
4.
Continue
w
ith
s
ubsequent
o
bjective
l
enses
a
nd
f
ine
f
ocus
e
ach
t
ime
.
N
o
t
e
s
1.
Both
e
yes
s
hould
b
e
o
pen
w
hen
v
iewing
t
hrough
t
he
m
icroscope
.
T
his
p
revents
e
ye
f
atigue
,
w
hich
o
ccurs
w
hen
t
he
n
on-viewing
e
ye
i
s
k
ept
c
losed
.
K
eeping
b
oth
e
yes
o
pen
d
oes
t
ake
s
ome
p
ractice
,
b
ut
i
t
i
s
h
ighly
r
ecommended
.
2.
Also
,
y
ou
s
hould
n
ever
l
et
y
our
e
ye
t
ouch
t
he
o
cular
l
ens
.
I
f
y
our
e
yelashes
t
ouch
t
he
l
ens
y
ou
a
re
t
o
c
lose
.
3.
Always
r
emove
e
yeglasses
w
hen
v
iewing
t
hrough
a
m
icroscope
.
I
f
y
our
e
yeglass
l
ens
t
ouches
t
he
m
icroscope
i
t
m
ay
g
et
s
cratched
.
•
The Magnification power of the EM is limited to
2,000,000 X.
•
The Resolving power (resolution) of the LM is
0.1 nm.
•
Note: 1
nm
=
1e-9 m
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
M
i
c
r
o
s
c
o
p
e
(
E
M
)
T
y
p
e
s
:
1.
Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
2.
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
T
r
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
M
i
c
r
o
s
c
o
p
e
(
T
E
M
)
S
c
a
n
n
i
n
g
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
M
i
c
r
o
s
c
o
p
e
(
T
E
M
)
Delve into the world of microscopy with Dr. Mohammed Hussein's Lab Manual No. 1, covering the fundamentals of the light microscope, its components, lenses, magnification power, resolving power, and detailed instructions on how to focus your microscope effectively for optimal results. Explore the history, functionality, and practical usage of this essential scientific instrument in the realm of microscopy.
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Presentation Transcript
Lab. Manual No.1 Lab. Manual No.1 The The Microscope Microscope Dr. Mohammed Hussein Dr. Mohammed Hussein M.B.Ch.B M.B.Ch.B MSc MSc DCH (UK) DCH (UK) MRCPCH MRCPCH
Microscope Microscope Light Microscope ElectronMicroscope
Light Microscope Invited by a spectacle maker, Zacharias Janssen, around the year 1590
Light Microscope (LM) The light microscope (also called an optical or compound microscope ) uses lenses and light to enlarge the image
Eyepiece (Ocular lenses) Head Revolving nosepiece (Turret) Objective lenses Arm Stage Coarse & Fine adjustment knobs Condenser Power switch & Brightness control Stage motion knob Base Illuminator (Lamp)
LENSES LENSES The light microscope has two systems of lenses for greater magnification: 1) The ocular, or eyepiece lens that one looks into 2) The objective lens, or the lens closest to the object
X 10 Ocular Lenses Objective Lenses X 400 X 100 X 40 X 1000
Light Microscope (LM) Light Microscope (LM) The Magnification power of the LM is limited to 1000-2000 X. The Resolving power (resolution) of the LM is 0.2 m. The resolving power (resolution) is defined as the smallest distance between two particles at which they can be seen as separated objects. Note: 1 m = 1e-6 m
How to Focus Your How to Focus Your Microscope Microscope
1. Start with the lowest power objective lens first and while looking from the side, crank the lens down as close to the specimen as possible without touching it. 2. Now, look through the eyepiece lens and focus upward only until the image is sharp. If you can t get it in focus, repeat the process again. 3. Once the image is sharp with the low power lens, you should be able to simply click in the next power lens and do minor adjustments with the fine adjustment knob. 4. Continue with subsequent objective lenses and fine focus each time.
Notes Notes 1. Both eyes should be open when viewing through the microscope. This prevents eye fatigue, which occurs when the non-viewing eye is kept closed. Keeping both eyes open does take some practice, but it is highly recommended. 2. Also, you should never let your eye touch the ocular lens. If your eyelashes touch the lens you are to close. 3. Always remove eyeglasses when viewing through a microscope. If your eyeglass lens touches the microscope it may get scratched.
Electron Microscope (EM) Electron Microscope (EM) The Magnification power of the EM is limited to 2,000,000 X. The Resolving power (resolution) of the LM is 0.1 nm. Note: 1nm = 1e-9 m
Types Types: : 1. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) 2. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
Scanning Scanning Electron Microscope (TEM) Electron Microscope (TEM)
