Technological Revolution in American Industry: 19th Century Innovations
The Expansion of American
Industry (1)
OBJECTIVES:
1) Study how the Second Industrial
Revolution put America on the path to
vast change.
2) Analyze the importance of the
inventions of the late 1800s and early
1900s.
Section 1: A Technological Revolution
Key Terms:
●
patent
●
productivity
●
transcontinental
railroad
●
Bessemer process
●
mass production
Without electricity
Rise of inventions and technology
●
Patent
- license that gives an inventor the right to make, use, or
sell an invention
○
Between 1790 and 1860 issued 36,000 patents
○
Between 1860 and 1890 issued 500,000 patents
●
Investment came from Europeans and Americans to make new
technology
●
By 1900 the American standard of living was some of the
highest in the world, due in part to
productivity
- the amount of
goods and services created in a given period of time
New Forms of Energy
OIL!
●
Edwin L. Drake was the first to drill
for oil, 1859
●
Refineries were built in order to
process kerosene
●
The automobile was invented in the
late 1880s, but gasoline was seen as
a waste product and thrown out.
Edison and Electricity
Thomas A. Edison helped develop
electric power
1876 he built the “invention factory”
in Menlo Park, New Jersey with his
earnings
Edison and team developed the
incandescent light bulb and a power
plant to deliver electricity to homes
in NYC
By 1890 power plants across the
country brought electricity to homes
and businesses
Edison used
direct current
which
could only travel a few miles
Nicola Tesla and George
Westinghouse developed
alternating current
which is more
efficient, can be distributed using
transformers, and is easier to
generate (more information
coming on the Tesla video
Monday)
General Electric (GE) and
Westinghouse Electric
Electricity Changed Industry
●
Improved productivity
○
Electric sewing machine made production
increase
○
Clothing industry created thousands of jobs
○
Immigrants and children were a large portion
of this work force
●
Power was cheaper and more efficient than coal or
wood burning
●
The refrigerator meant food could be stored and
reduce spoilage and waste without processes of
salting and curing
●
Not everyone had electricity and today there still
homes across the country that do not get electric
service
Better Communications
●
Telegraph - Samuel Morse
●
Telephone - Alexander Graham
Bell
○
By 1900 1.5 million telephones
were in use
Railroads Create a National Network
The Transcontinental Railroad - a railway that connected from
coast to coast across the American continent
●
The railroad was built from both
sides of the country, meeting at
Promontory Summit in what is now
Utah on May 10, 1869
●
Last spike driven into the line was
the golden spike
●
The railroad carried goods and
passengers
●
Developments were constantly
being made:
○
Air brakes
○
Telegraph to communicate
with moving trains
●
Towns and cities were built
Railroads and Time Zones
Railroads and Industry
Railroads impacted and influenced industry in a number of ways:
1.
Faster, more practical means of transporting goods
2.
Lowered costs of production
- shipping costs dropped and more goods
could be sent
3.
Created national markets
- products could be sold across the country
4.
Model for big business
- new administrative and management practices
5.
Stimulation for other industries
- encouraged innovation in other
industries and businesses
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EEwKa4zKnhk
Watch from start to 10:44
The
Bessemer process
- an easier method of
making steel. Patented
by Henry Bessemer
The Bessemer process
also made possible
mass production
-
production in great
amounts
https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=dypdoLm4Rn8
The Brooklyn Bridge
Completed on May 24,
1883
Allowed for travel other
than by ferry from
Manhattan to Brooklyn
(NYC) over the East River
Major engineering
accomplishment for the
time and a symbol of
American success
Review
Copy these down in your notes - instant study guide!
●
Why did the nation’s industrial productivity rise in the late
1800s?
●
How did inventions such as the light bulb and the telegraph
change daily life in the late 1800s?
●
What were the advantages of the transcontinental railroad?
The Second Industrial Revolution in America led to significant advancements in technology and production processes during the late 1800s and early 1900s. Key inventions such as the Bessemer process, mass production techniques, and the development of new forms of energy like oil and electricity played a crucial role in transforming American industry. Innovators like Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla revolutionized the use of electricity, marking a pivotal shift in how energy was harnessed and distributed across the country.
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Presentation Transcript
The Expansion of American Industry (1)
OBJECTIVES: 1) Study how the Second Industrial Revolution put America on the path to vast change. 2) Analyze the importance of the inventions of the late 1800s and early 1900s.
Section 1: A Technological Revolution Key Terms: patent productivity transcontinental railroad Bessemer process mass production
Rise of inventions and technology Patent - license that gives an inventor the right to make, use, or sell an invention Between 1790 and 1860 issued 36,000 patents Between 1860 and 1890 issued 500,000 patents Investment came from Europeans and Americans to make new technology By 1900 the American standard of living was some of the highest in the world, due in part to productivity - the amount of goods and services created in a given period of time
New Forms of Energy OIL! Edwin L. Drake was the first to drill for oil, 1859 Refineries were built in order to process kerosene The automobile was invented in the late 1880s, but gasoline was seen as a waste product and thrown out.
Edison and Electricity Thomas A. Edison helped develop electric power 1876 he built the invention factory in Menlo Park, New Jersey with his earnings Edison and team developed the incandescent light bulb and a power plant to deliver electricity to homes in NYC By 1890 power plants across the country brought electricity to homes and businesses
Edison used direct current which could only travel a few miles Nicola Tesla and George Westinghouse developed alternating current which is more efficient, can be distributed using transformers, and is easier to generate (more information coming on the Tesla video Monday) General Electric (GE) and
Electricity Changed Industry Improved productivity Electric sewing machine made production increase Clothing industry created thousands of jobs Immigrants and children were a large portion of this work force Power was cheaper and more efficient than coal or wood burning The refrigerator meant food could be stored and reduce spoilage and waste without processes of salting and curing Not everyone had electricity and today there still homes across the country that do not get electric service
Better Communications Telegraph - Samuel Morse Telephone - Alexander Graham Bell By 1900 1.5 million telephones were in use
Railroads Create a National Network The Transcontinental Railroad - a railway that connected from coast to coast across the American continent The Transcontinental Railroad
The railroad was built from both sides of the country, meeting at Promontory Summit in what is now Utah on May 10, 1869 Last spike driven into the line was the golden spike The railroad carried goods and passengers Developments were constantly being made: Air brakes Telegraph to communicate with moving trains Towns and cities were built
Railroads and Industry https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EEwKa4zKnhk Watch from start to 10:44 Railroads impacted and influenced industry in a number of ways: 1. Faster, more practical means of transporting goods 2. Lowered costs of production - shipping costs dropped and more goods could be sent 3. Created national markets - products could be sold across the country 4. Model for big business - new administrative and management practices 5. Stimulation for other industries - encouraged innovation in other industries and businesses
Bessemer Converter The Bessemer process - an easier method of making steel. Patented by Henry Bessemer The Bessemer process also made possible mass production - production in great amounts https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=dypdoLm4Rn8
The Brooklyn Bridge Completed on May 24, 1883 Allowed for travel other than by ferry from Manhattan to Brooklyn (NYC) over the East River Major engineering accomplishment for the time and a symbol of American success
Review Copy these down in your notes - instant study guide! Why did the nation s industrial productivity rise in the late 1800s? How did inventions such as the light bulb and the telegraph change daily life in the late 1800s? What were the advantages of the transcontinental railroad?
