Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Causes, Symptoms, Prevention
Squamous cell carcinoma is a common type of skin cancer that develops in the squamous cells of the skin. Learn about its causes, symptoms, risk factors, and prevention methods to protect your skin health.
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StudyMafia.Org Squamous Cell Carcinoma Submitted To: Submitted By: Studymafia.org Studymafia.org
Table Contents Definition Introduction Symptoms of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Causes of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Risk Factors of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Complication of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Prevention of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treatment of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Conclusion 2
Definition Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin is a common form of skin cancer that develops in the squamous cells that make up the middle and outer layers of the skin 3
Introduction Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin is usually not life-threatening, though it can be aggressive. Untreated, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin can grow large or spread to other parts of your body, causing serious complications. Squamous cells are found in many places in your body, and squamous cell carcinoma can occur anywhere squamous cells are found. 4
Causes of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin occurs when the flat, thin squamous cells in the middle and outer layers of your skin develop changes (mutations) in their DNA. The mutations tell the squamous cells to grow out of control and to continue living when normal cells would die. 6
Causes of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Most of the DNA mutations in skin cells are caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation found in sunlight and in commercial tanning lamps and tanning beds. But sun exposure doesn't explain skin cancers that develop on skin not ordinarily exposed to sunlight. 7
Risk Factors of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Fair skin: Anyone, regardless of skin color, can get squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. However, having less pigment (melanin) in your skin provides less protection from damaging UV radiation. Use of tanning beds: People who use indoor tanning beds have an increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. 8
Risk Factors of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Excessive sun exposure: Being exposed to UV light from the sun increases your risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. Spending lots of time in the sun particularly if you don't cover your skin with clothing or sunblock increases your risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin even more. 9
Risk Factors of Squamous Cell Carcinoma A history of sunburns: Having had one or more blistering sunburns as a child or teenager increases your risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma of the skin as an adult. Sunburns in adulthood also are a risk factor. A personal history of precancerous skin lesions: Having a precancerous skin lesion, such as actinic keratosis or Bowen's disease, increases your risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. 10
Risk Factors of Squamous Cell Carcinoma A personal history of skin cancer: If you've had squamous cell carcinoma of the skin once, you're much more likely to develop it again. Rare genetic disorder: People with xeroderma pigmentosum, which causes an extreme sensitivity to sunlight, have a greatly increased risk of developing skin cancer. 11
Risk Factors of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Weakened immune system: People with weakened immune systems have an increased risk of skin cancer. This includes people who have leukemia or lymphoma and those who take medications that suppress the immune system, such as those who have undergone organ transplants. 12
Complications of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Is particularly large or deep Involves the mucous membranes, such as the lips Occurs in a person with a weakened immune system, such as someone who takes anti- rejection medications after an organ transplant or someone who has chronic leukemia 13
Prevention of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Avoid the sun during the middle of the day: For many people in North America, the sun's rays are strongest between about 10 a.m. and 3 p.m. Schedule outdoor activities for other times of the day, even during winter or when the sky is cloudy. 14
Prevention of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Wear sunscreen year-round: Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30, even on cloudy days. Apply sunscreen generously, and reapply every two hours or more often if you're swimming or perspiring. 15
Prevention of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Wear protective clothing: Cover your skin with dark, tightly woven clothing that covers your arms and legs, and a broad- brimmed hat, which provides more protection than does a baseball cap or visor. Don't forget sunglasses. 16
Prevention of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Avoid tanning beds: Tanning beds emit UV rays and can increase your risk of skin cancer. Check your skin regularly and report changes to your doctor: Examine your skin often for new skin growths or changes in existing moles, freckles, bumps and birthmarks. 17
Treatment of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treatments for very small skin cancers: Curettage and electrodessication (C and E). Laser therapy. Freezing Photodynamic therapy. 18
Treatment of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treatments for very larger skin cancers: Simple excision. Mohs surgery. Radiation therapy. Treatments for skin cancer that spreads beyond the skin: Chemotherapy Targeted drug therapy Immunotherapy 19
Conclusion Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin is usually not life-threatening, though it can be aggressive. Untreated, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin can grow large or spread to other parts of your body, causing serious complications. 21
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